EMS 214 - Emergency Medical Technician

1. Describe the role and responsibilities of an EMT.
   1. Discuss the legal responsibilities of the EMT.
   2. Discuss the ethical responsibilities of the EMT.
   3. Define and list the scope of practice by which an EMT is governed.
   4. Define and discuss the role that the EMT plays inside of the EMS system.
   5. Define and discuss the history of EMS.
2. Discuss basic body anatomy and functions, using appropriate medical terminology.
   1. Identify the features and roles of the musculoskeletal system.
   2. Discuss the features and roles of the respiratory system.
   3. Identify the features and roles of the nervous system.
   4. List the features and roles of the endocrine system.
   5. Identify the features and roles of the integumentary system.
   6. Identify the features and roles of the digestive system.
   7. List the features and roles of the urinary system.
   8. Describe the features and roles of the reproductive system.
3. Discuss the role of aerobic versus anaerobic metabolism.
   1. Discuss the composition of ambient air.
   2. Discuss blood components and the transport and oxygenation of blood.
   3. Discuss the mechanics of ventilation of functions of the myocardium.
   4. Discuss the role that vascular resistance plays in blood pressure and microcirculation.
4. Perform initial patient assessment and evaluation (primary survey) using diagnosis signs and symptoms.
   1. Discuss the importance of scene safety.
   2. Discuss how to form a general impression of the patient.
   3. Discuss how to obtain a chief complaint.
   4. List the various life threats that can occur and their treatments.
   5. Discuss and demonstrate the management of C spine injuries.
   6. Discuss of various levels of consciousness and ways to grade a patient’s level of consciousness.
   7. Define methods on how to assess and manage the airway.
   8. Explain and assess the quality, rate, and work of breathing.
   9. Explain and assess the pulse and perfusion of a patient.
   10. Define the criteria that classify a patient as critical versus non-critical.
5. Perform secondary assessment of the patient.
   1. Interpret baseline BP.
   2. Interpret baseline pulse.
   3. Interpret baseline respiration.
   4. Interpret baseline temperature.
   5. Interpret baseline pulse oxygen.
   6. Obtain a history of present illness from the patient.
   7. Perform a detailed hands-on-assessment of the patient.
   8. Discuss and review significant mechanisms of injury.
   9. Demonstrate a systematic rapid trauma examination.
   10. Demonstrate C spine immobilization methods.
   11. Define and obtain a SAMPLE/OPQRST history.
   12. Discuss what criteria transport decisions are based upon and list the various treatment options available during transport.
6. Perform basic life support according to American heart Standards/Red Cross healthcare Professional standards.
   1. Demonstrate the techniques and steps involved in chest compressions for all age groups.
   2. Demonstrate the correct use of a defibrillator on a patient in cardiac arrest with the review of the appropriate procedures and safety techniques.
7. Demonstrate the use of mechanical aids to provide effective ventilation.
   1. Demonstrate how, when and why to use the BVM.
   2. Demonstrate how, when and why to use the nasal airway.
   3. Demonstrate how, when and why to use an oral airway.
8. Examine the various types of bleeding including.
   1. Demonstrate the identification and management of arterial bleeding.
   2. Demonstrate the identification and management of venous bleeding.
   3. Demonstrate the identification and management of capillary bleeding.
   4. Demonstrate the identification and management of external bleeding.
   5. Demonstrate the identification and management of internal bleeding.
9. Demonstrate the various treatment methods for bleeding.
   1. Demonstrate how, when, and why to use direct pressure.
   2. Demonstrate how, when, and why to use elevation.
   3. Demonstrate how, when, and why to use a tourniquet.
   4. Demonstrate how, when, and why to use a pneumatic antishock garment.
10. Determine the stages of shock including:
    1. Demonstrate how, when and why to manage hypovolemic shock.
    2. Demonstrate how, when and why to manage septic shock.
    3. Demonstrate how, when and why to manage distributive shock.
    4. Demonstrate how, when and why to manage cardiogenic shock.
11. Evaluate the various types of treatments available for shock patients in the pre-hospital setting including:
    1. Demonstrate how, when and why to elevate the feet.
    2. Demonstrate how, when and why to use warming procedures.
    3. Demonstrate how, when, and why to use oxygen.
    4. Demonstrate how, when, and why to assist an advanced provider with IV access and the administration of with fluids.
12. Manage the various types of open and closed soft tissue injuries.
    1. Treat abrasions.
    2. Treat lacerations.
    3. Treat avulsions.
    4. Treat penetrations/punctures.
    5. Treat crush injuries.
    6. Treat contusions.
    7. Treat hematomas.
    8. Treat burns.
13. Demonstrate basic emergency care to patient with open and closed soft tissue injuries.
    1. Apply sterile dressings.
    2. Apply non-sterile dressings and bandages.
    3. Stabilize impaled objects.
    4. Apply occlusive dressings.
    5. Apply burn sheets.
    6. Irrigate a wound.
    7. Apply a pressure dressing.
    8. Apply PASG.
14. Provide basic emergency care to a person suspected of having open and closed fractures using the following methods:
    1. Apply PASG.
    2. Apply a long back board.
    3. Apply a c collar.
    4. Apply manual C spine immobilization.
    5. Apply a vacuum splint.
    6. Apply an air splint.
    7. Apply a SAM splint.
    8. Apply a sling and swathe.
15. Provide basic emergency care to the patient with head, neck, and/or spine injuries via immobilization devices.
16. Provide basic emergency care to the patient with injuries of the chest, abdomen and/or genitalia.
17. Discuss the signs and symptoms of the following disease states along with the treatment and management of:
    1. Describe Diabetes.
    2. List Cardiac Events.
    3. Describe CVA/TIA
    4. Describe Allergic Reactions
    5. List Heat and Cold Emergencies
    6. Describe Water emergencies
    7. Describe Psychological Emergencies
    8. List Abdominal Emergencies
    9. Explain Altered Mental Status
    10. List Drug and Alcohol Emergencies
    11. Explain Syncope and Seizures
    12. Describe Respiratory Emergencies
18. Evaluate the pregnant woman and provide assistance for emergency birth.
    1. Describe the anatomy of pregnancy.
    2. Describe the menstrual cycle.
    3. Describe the physical changes in pregnancy.
    4. Describe the various medical complications that can arise prior to delivery: vaginal bleeding and discharge; seizures and blood pressure issues.
    5. Describe the stages of labor.
    6. Describe the signs and symptoms of a normal vaginal delivery versus an abnormal delivery.
    7. Discuss the various field procedures and treatments for dealing with both the normal and abnormal delivery.
    8. Discuss the methods of care of the newborn population as well as assessment criteria for this population.
19. Analyze management of the pediatric and infant populations.
    1. Demonstrate techniques for interacting with caregivers.
    2. Define the physical, emotional and psychosocial characteristics of these populations.
    3. Define the various anatomical differences between child, infants and adults.
    4. Define the changes in methods of assessment for this population including the primary and secondary assessment.
    5. Discuss the special considerations that must be remembered when assessing children and infants in terms of vital signs, medical events, trauma events, SAMPLE/OPQRST history, and pain scale assessment.
    6. Discuss the overview of the assessment and management of respirator emergencies including: early respiratory distress, decompensated respiratory failure, respiratory arrest, airway obstruction, FBAO, Croup, epiglottitis, Bronchiolitis, and Asthma.
    7. Review various other medical and trauma emergencies effecting this population including: seizures, cardiac arrest, drowning, altered mental status, fever, poisoning, and multi systems trauma from car crashes, abuse and falls.
20. Review the signs and symptoms of environmental emergencies along with the management and treatment of environmental emergency conditions.
    1. Describe heat and cold emergencies for generalized hypothermia, Pathophysiology of hypothermia, localized cold injuries, Hyperthermia, and pathophysiology of heat emergencies.
    2. Treat bites and stings.
    3. Treat lightning strikes.
    4. Treat high altitude sickness.
21. Demonstrate triage in emergency situations/disasters.
    1. Define and list the various forms of triage including Jumpstart and Start.
    2. Define primary versus secondary triage.
    3. Define and demonstrate the patient tagging system.
    4. Define the roles and responsibilities of the various sectors including staging, treatment, transport and incident command.
22. Analyze how to position, lift and move emergency patients efficiently and safely.
    1. Demonstrate the various techniques for moving a patient including: cot, draw sheet, stair chair, LBB/scoop, Fireman’s carry, two-man carry, power lift, power squat, push/pull, two person carry and one person carry.
    2. Discuss the four principles of a safe moving and lifting.
    3. Discuss the need for teamwork and physical fitness.
    4. Differentiate between the different types of moves available to EMS providers and define when and where they should be used including: emergency moves, urgent moves, and non-urgent moves.
    5. Discuss and define the requirements and procedures for patient transports via ground and air ambulance.
23. Demonstrate how to extricate, stabilize, package and transport an emergency patient.
    1. Practice the various forms of extrication including rapid and normal.
    2. Discuss and define the most common types of trauma present in patient’s involved in car crashes and methods to treat these injuries.
24. Discuss ambulance operations with regard to state laws and safety.
    1. Define who should be driving the ambulance.
    2. Define the need to vehicle inspections at the start of every shift.
    3. Define applicable state laws regarding the operations of lights and siren.
    4. Define and discuss principles of safe driving.
    5. Define and discuss state laws pertaining to the operation of an ambulance responding emergent to the scene or hospital.
25. Record patient information systematically.
    1. Discuss and define the various methods of documentation and data management including CHART and SOAP.
    2. Discuss the importance of the accurate collection and documentation of information.
    3. Discuss the notion of the PCR as a legal document.
    4. Define the confidentially aspects of documentation.
    5. Define and discuss the various accepted forms of medical abbreviations.
26. Identify the various signs and symptoms of dependent adult and child abuse.
    1. Define the legal requirements as to reporting these suspicions.
    2. List the procedures and methods for interacting with parent caregivers suspected of child or dependent adult abuse.
27. Define the importance and rational of body substance isolation (BSI).
    1. List the various forms of BSI.
    2. List the various commercial products available for BSI.
    3. Define the reasons as to why BSI is needed and also the various diseases an EMS provider may be exposed to including: Hep B, Hep A, Hep C; AIDS/HIV, TB, MRSA/VRSA and SARS.
28. Define the EMT’s role in assisting medication administration including: aspirin, epi-pens and oral glucose.
29. Classify the signs and symptoms that would warrant the administration of these drugs.
    1. Discuss the effects, side effects and contraindications of these drugs.
    2. Discuss and review the 5 “R”s of medication administration.
    3. Discuss and list the various medication names that a drug may be referred to.
    4. Define and discuss the various routes of administration for medications.
    5. Define and discuss the concept of standing orders versus online medical direction for medication administration.
30. Describe special needs population.
    1. Review the assessment and treatment techniques for patients who are hearing impaired, vision impaired, speech impaired, sensory impaired, mentally or emotional impaired, brain injured, paralyzed, obese, and homeless.
    2. Review the various pieces of technology that may be encountered by EMS providers including medical oxygen, Apnea monitors, pulse ox, tracheostomy tubes, CPAP and BiPAP, home mechanical ventilators, central lines, implanted ports, dialysis patients, feeding.