RCP 400 - Resp Therapy Pharmacology

1. Explain major laws which impact drug administration
   1. Explain the major effect of each of these pieces of legislation
   2. Describe the procedures necessary for the approval of a new drug
   3. Explain advantages and disadvantages of this system
   4. Differentiate between negligence and malpractice
   5. Define the elements of negligence
   6. Develop a personal philosophy including specific goals to minimize the probability of being involved in negligence litigation
2. Discuss information about drugs and their use
   1. Describe the relative merits of five published sources of information about drugs
   2. Identify “Official” sources of information about drugs
   3. Identify four names each drug may be assigned
   4. State which of the drug names is the official name
   5. List seven pieces of information any person administering a drug must know
3. Compare routes by which drugs may be administered
   1. List nine common routes by which drugs may be administered
   2. Differentiate between the four parental routes
   3. Differentiate between the nine routes based on
   4. Explain factors which will affect the amount of drug absorbed when administered by inhalation
   5. Describe the forms in which drugs administered by inhalation must be prepared
   6. Determine the proper route for administration of a drug for any plausible patient/situation
4. Describe how drugs produce effects on the body
   1. Explain common theories of drug action
   2. Differentiate between competitive and noncompetitive antagonism
   3. Describe allergic reactions and treatment of them
   4. Explain the significance of therapeutic index as related to drug safety
   5. Utilize drug dose/response curves to evaluate drug effectiveness
   6. Describe the types of drug interaction which may occur
   7. Evaluate factors which affect the duration of drug effects on the body
5. Describe how drugs are distributed in the body
   1. Describe the term absorption as related to drug administration
   2. Describe the methods by which drugs are transported to tissues distant to the site of administration
   3. Explain methods which may be used to affect distribution of drugs within the body
6. Describe how drugs are changed by the body
   1. Explain the reasons why drugs are biologically transformed by the body
   2. Identify the site and types of reactions which are involved in biotransformation of drugs
7. Explain how drugs are excreted by the body
   1. Explain the methods by which drugs are excreted from the body
   2. Identify factors which will affects the rate at which drugs are excreted from the body
   3. Explain how the rate of excretion of drugs affects the administration of drugs
8. Calculate drug dosages and solution concentrations
   1. Perform calculations within and between the systems of measurement used in pharmacology
   2. Convert dosage designations between the systems used for describing the amount of drug administered
   3. Calculate the preparation of a desired drug solution from drug and diluent
   4. Calculate dilution of stock solutions
   5. Determine the amount of drug solution needed to administer a prescribed dose
   6. Apply rules and formulas to calculate dosages of drugs for children 
9. Utilize proper terminology and abbreviations
   1. Define common terminology used in describing drug action
   2. Define abbreviations commonly used in pharmacology
   3. Use terms and abbreviations correctly in written and spoken communication
10. Explain the functions of the autonomic nervous system and the ways drugs interact with it
    1. Identify the relationship between the autonomic and central nervous systems
    2. Identify the divisions of the autonomic nervous system
    3. Describe the effects of each of the divisions of the autonomic nervous system
    4. Explain the structure and function of the ANS
    5. Identify the major organs innervated by the ANS and the effect of each branch on each organ
    6. Explain the significance of antagonistic innervation by the ANS
    7. Describe the actions of anticholinergic and anti-cholinesterase drugs on the ANS
11. Explain the use of paralyzing drugs
    1. Describe the rationale for producing paralysis
    2. Explain the indications for use of paralyzing drugs
    3. Explain three ways in which paralysis can be produced
    4. Describe the hazards of producing paralysis
    5. Explain the treatment of an overdose of a paralyzing drug
    6. Explain why paralyzing drugs are never given alone
    7. State brand and generic names of commonly used paralyzing drugs
12. Explain the action of bronchodilators
    1. Describe how normal bronchomotor tone is maintained
    2. Explain the major effects of stimulation of Alpha, Beta-1 and Beta-2 receptors
    3. List important agonists and antagonists for each class of receptor
    4. Illustrate the postulated intracellular reactions initiated by stimulation of sympathetic and parasympathetic receptors of the bronchial smooth muscle cell
    5. Explain how methyl xanthines are useful in the relief of bronchoconstriction
    6. Explain how glucocorticoids can produce bronchodilation
    7. Explain how anticholinergics are used in the treatment of bronchoconstriction
    8. Describe the routes and methods by which bronchodilating drugs are administered
    9. Explain advantages and limitations of each route for bronchodilator administration
    10. Describe ways to maximize the retention of drug administered by inhalation
13. Summarize pertinent information about commonly prescribed bronchodilators
    1. State proprietary and generic names for the following bronchial dilating drugs
    2. State the normal dosages for each of the drugs in 13.01
    3. Identify the ANS receptor(s) stimulated by each of these drugs
    4. Identify the classification for each drug
14. Describe side effects which may occur with the administration of bronchodilators
    1. Describe side effects to the administration of sympathomimetic, anticholinergic, mast cell stabilizing and glucocorticoid drugs
    2. Describe specifically how sympathomimetics can produce bronchoconstriction and hypoxemia
    3. Identify the toxic manifestations of theophylline overdose
    4. Describe factors which affect the biotransformation and excretion of theophylline
15. Explain actions and dosages of mucokinetic drugs
    1. Describe the physiologic mechanisms which normally provide airway protection and clearance
    2. Define mucokinesis
    3. Identify the most effective mucokinetic
    4. Differentiate between mucolytic and expectorant agents
    5. Describe methods by which mucokinetic drugs can be administered
    6. State the actions, indications, active ingredient(s), generic and proprietary names, side effects and warnings for the mucokinetic agents
16. Describe how surface active drugs may be used in the treatment of respiratory disorders
    1. Describe the Law of LaPlace and relate it to the pressure volume relationships of alveoli
    2. Explain the abnormalities in Respiratory Distress Syndromes which cause atelectasis
    3. Describe how surface active agents can be used to treat Respiratory Distress Syndromes
    4. State the generic and proprietary names, indications, techniques, side effects and warnings for surface active agents
17. Summarize the use of glucocorticoids in treatment of respiratory disorders
    1. List the three general effects of glucocorticoids
    2. Describe how glucocorticoids may be used in the treatment of respiratory disorders
    3. List major side effects caused by exogenous glucocorticoids
    4. Identify methods by which the side effects of glucocorticoid administration may be minimized
18. Explain the use of antimicrobials which are administered by inhalation
    1. List five mechanisms by which antimicrobial drugs kill microorganisms
    2. Delineate the advantages and limitations for the aerosol administration of antibiotics compared with oral and parenteral routes
    3. State the active ingredient, indications, mechanism of action, normal dosage, side effects and precautions for antimicrobials administered by inhalation
19. Explain the use of drugs which affect ventilatory drive and produce bronchoconstriction
    1. Describe the indications for administration of ventilatory stimulants
    2. State the active ingredient, indications, mechanism of action, normal dosage, side effects and precautions for ventilatory stimulants
    3. Describe how drugs which produce ventilatory depression may be useful and harmful to persons with pulmonary disease
20. State use and dosage of drugs used to treat cardiovascular abnormalities
    1. Describe normal renal physiology
    2. State the indications, effects and side effects for the administration of diuretic drugs
    3. List the mechanism of action of the drugs commonly used to produce diuresis
    4. Describe the normal mechanism by which perfusion of body tissues is maintained
    5. Utilize cardiovascular related terminology as it applies to drug therapy
    6. Explain the pharmacologic methods which may be used to maintain tissue perfusion
    7. Describe indications, normal dosages, actions and side effects for