PHB 113 - Principles of Phlebotomy

1. Demonstrate an understanding of laboratory safety
   1. Identify safety and precaution labels and signs
   2. Discuss safety precautions as related to blood collection
   3. Discuss and perform appropriate error correction and documentation
   4. Wash hands appropriately
2. Demonstrate an understanding of quality assurance in blood collection
   1. Recognize the importance of correct blood collection techniques in total patient care
   2. List the factors that influence the integrity of a blood specimen
   3. Describe the quality assurance of blood collection.
   4. Describe the quality control of phlebotomy equipment
3. Discuss the roles of a phlebotomist
   1. Describe ‘professionalism’ as it relates to the phlebotomist
   2. State the responsibilities of the phlebotomist.
   3. Discuss legal awareness and ethics in blood collection
   4. Describe the importance of positive interpersonal relationships with patients and staff
4. Discuss common medical terminology used in health care
   1. Define selected roots, suffixes, and prefixes
   2. Give the English or common word for a condition or system in the appropriate medical form
   3. Use selected medical terms or expressions in their proper context
   4. Define and use correctly specific medical terms that apply to phlebotomy
   5. Define selected medical abbreviations and use them correctly
5. Discuss anatomy and physiology of the human body as it relates to phlebotomy
   1. Describe and/or illustrate the circulation of blood from the heart of the lungs and to other body tissue
   2. Differentiate veins, arteries, and capillaries
   3. Identify and locate the main veins used for blood collection
   4. Define systole, diastole and sphygmomanometer
   5. Describe the components of whole blood
   6. Describe the three cellular elements of the blood, including their major functions 
6. Identify equipment used in blood collection
   1. Describe the purposes of various pieces of equipment and supplies
   2. Differentiate among the various needle sizes as to gauage and purpose
   3. Discuss methods to safely dispose of contaminated needles
   4. Identify the types of tubes by color code, and state the anticoagulant and additives present, mechanism of action, and special characteristics, and the purposes of each
   5. List the correct order of draw
7. Discuss venipuncture techniques
   1. List the required information on a requisition form
   2. Describe correct patient identification and specimen labeling
   3. Describe patient preparation and the variables that can affect some lab tests
   4. Correctly assemble venipuncture equipment and supplies
   5. List the steps in performing venipuncture.
   6. Discuss post-venipuncture care of patient and delivery of specimens to the lab
8. Discuss complications in blood collection
   1. List reasons why blood may not be immediately obtained from a venipuncture and the procedures to follow to obtain blood.
   2. List causes of hematomas
   3. Discuss venipuncture errors that may produce hemolysis
   4. Discuss technical complications related to blood collection and the remedies for each situation
   5. Discuss patient complications and effective methods to handle each situation
   6. List reasons for rejection of a blood specimen
9. Discuss special venipuncture collection
   1. Describe the venipuncture procedure using a syringe, including equipment examination, technique, transfer of blood to evacuated tubes, and disposal of equipment
   2. Describe the venipuncture procedure using a winged infusion set (butterfly), including equipment examination, technique, and disposal of equipment
   3. Discuss types of central venous catheter devices and the requirements for blood collection
   4. Discuss timed tests
   5. Discuss collection of blood cultures, including timing sequence
   6. Discuss physical factors affecting certain lab tests, and special specimen handling
10. Discuss dermal puncture techniques
    1. State reasons for performing a dermal puncture
    2. Identify acceptable and unacceptable sites for dermal puncture
    3. Identify microspecimen containers.
    4. List the steps in performing dermal puncture
    5. List the order of collection for dermal puncture specimens
    6. Describe correct labeling of microspecimens
11. Perform pre-blood collection procedures
    1. Prepare patient for blood collection
    2. Set up blood collection equipment
    3. Correctly identify ‘patients’ or donors
12. Perform blood collection techniques on both mannequins/models (‘fake’ arms and hand models) and actual people
    1. Perform venipuctures using holder and needle
    2. Perform venipuctures using syringe
    3. Perform venipuctures using winged infusion device
    4. Transfer blood from syringe to test tube using transfer devices
    5. Fill test tubes in the required order
    6. perform venipuctures for the purpose of collecting blood cultures
    7. Perform skin puncture techniques
13. Perform post-blood collection procedures
    1. Perform post-donation care of patient or donor
    2. Discard used equipment appropriately
    3. Correctly label collection tubes or devices
    4. Handle collected samples appropriately (e.g., gently mixing if anticoagluated)