MLT 120 - Urinalysis

1. Assess laboratory safety and quality control.
   1. Identify safety and precaution labels and signs
   2. Disinfect work area
   3. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment.
   4. Practice correct hand-washing technique
   5. Dispose of biohazardous waste
   6. Protect self, student-patient, and clinical patients from transmission of infectious disease.
   7. Perform appropriate error correction and documentation.
   8. Identify government agencies regulating laboratory results.
   9. Explain the use of quality control in the lab.
   10. Determine factors that affect procedures and results.
2. Perform Brightfield Microscopy.
   1. Identify the parts of the Brighfield Microscope
   2. Demonstrate cleaning, care, and storage of the Brightfiled microscope.
   3. Practice trouble-shooting problems with the microscopes.
   4. Determine the final magnification for objects appearing under low power field (lpf), high power field (hpf, also known as “high dry”), and oil immersion (oif).
3. Assess the urinary system.
   1. Identify the parts of the urinary tract, kidney, and nephron; and, explain their functions.
   2. Describe formation and composition of urine.
   3. Define filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion, and renal blood flow in terms of base mechanisms and net results.
   4. Define anuria, oliguria, uremia, polyuria.
4. Discuss urine specimens collected for routine urinalysis.
   1. List and describe types of urine specimens.
   2. State normal and abnormal daily urine volumes, and terms defining those volumes.
   3. Discuss proper specimen collection, handling and preservation of urine.
   4. List changes in unpreserved or incorrectly preserved urine specimens.
   5. Explain proper sample identification and its significance.
   6. Identify the two substances that have the greatest impact on urine specific gravity, and how to compensate for their presence.
5. Describe the physical urinalysis.
   1. State common terminology used to report normal urine color.
   2. Discuss the significance of abnormal urine colors.
   3. State the significance of urine clarity.
   4. List pathologic and non-pathologic causes of urine cloudiness.
   5. Discuss specific gravity as it relates to normal and abnormal urine specimens.
6. Assess the chemical urinalysis.
   1. Discuss the importance of timing when using reagent test strip testing
   2. Discuss the principle of each of the ten chemical analyses performed on urine specimens: pH, protein, glucose, ketones, blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen, nitrites, leukocyte esterase, and specific gravity.
   3. Correlate chemical results with physical and microscopic results.
   4. Correlate chemical results with the presence or absence of disease.
7. Evaluate the microscopic urinalysis.
   1. Compare and contrast automated and manual methods of viewing urine sediment.
   2. Describe the recommended methods for standardizing specimen preparation and volume, centrifugation, sedimentation preparation, examination, and reporting of results.
8. Perform routine urinalyses.
   1. Perform physical, chemical, and microscopic testing of urine.
   2. Perform specific gravity using a refractometer.
   3. Perform confirmatory testing based on results of chemical analysis.
   4. Identify and quantify urinary sediment.
   5. Identify artifacts and state why they may be present in urine.
   6. Operate and maintain instrumentation used in routine urinalysis.
   7. Perform and document quality control and maintenance of supplies and equipment.
9. Assess renal diseases and metabolic disorders affecting the kidney.
   1. Describe etiology and frequency of disorders.
   2. Discuss confirmatory lab tests used for diagnosis.
   3. Correlate urinalysis results with diseases and disorders. 
10. Evaluate bodily fluids.
    1. State routine laboratory tests performed on bodily fluids, including the rationale and department in which the tests are typically performed.
    2. Identify normal locations, functions, and volume of each fluid: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), pleural, peritoneal, pericardial, synovial, seminal, and amniotic fluid.
    3. Discuss collection, transport, and analysis of bodily fluids.
    4. Differentiate transudates from exudates.
    5. Define xanthochromic.
    6. Describe the microscopic identification of crystals using polarized and compensated polarized light.
    7. Perform cell counts on bodily fluids.
    8. Perform a routine semen analysis.
    9. Correlate cellular and other microscopic findings in bodily fluids with pathologic and non-pathologic conditions.
    10. Differentiate among bacterial, viral, mycobacterial, and fungal meningitis.
    11. Discuss fecal analysis and define steatorrhea.
    12. Perform occult blood and/or fecal fat testing.
11. Evaluate clinical laboratory operations.
    1. Define the roles and level of training required for Clinical Laboratory personnel.
    2. Discuss the purpose(s) of the major disciplines of clinical laboratory science to include their approaches to the diagnostic, therapeutic, and health maintenance roles of the clinical laboratory.
    3. Identify basic lab tests performed in each department.
    4. Differentiate clinical laboratory settings in terms of primary mission, levels of service and personnel standards: hospital, reference, state health, and physician office laboratories.
12. Demonstrate professional conduct.
    1. Demonstrate interpersonal communication skills with patients, other health care professionals, and the public.
    2. Practice confidentiality.
    3. Follow written and verbal instructions.
    4. Demonstrate ethical time management.
    5. Choose workplace-appropriate clothing and jewelry.
    6. Recognize the responsibilities of other laboratory and health care personnel, interacting with them with respect to their jobs and patient care.
    7. Recognize the need for continuing education as a function of growth and maintenance of professional competence.
    8. Maintain professional growth and competence through involvement in continuing education.
    9. Demonstrate workplace basic skills of listening, writing, leadership, and time management.
    10. Practice written and oral communication skills
    11. Create team atmosphere in laboratory functions.
13. Demonstrate judgment and decision making skills.
    1. Analyze laboratory findings to recognize common procedural and technical problems.
    2. Take corrective action.
    3. Check for sources of error.
    4. Evaluate laboratory findings to recognize and report the need for additional testing.