DHY 181 - Dental Hygiene I

1. Manage the patient records using Dentrix dental software.
   1. Differentiate between the appointment book, family file, ledger and chart.
   2. Utilize the Dental Appointment book to locate patient appointments.
   3. Record medical information in the family file patient notes.
   4. Perform dental charting in the patient’s digital chart.
   5. Document patient assessment, treatment plan and completed procedures using the SOAP format in the clinical note section of the Dentrix dental chart.
   6. Manage the patient’s periodontal assessment in the periodontal chart of the Dentrix dental chart.
2. Summarize the basic principles of polishing tooth surfaces, including the use of appropriate disclosing and polishing agents, if indicated
   1. Restate the concept of selective polishing.
   2. Discuss the relationship between polishing and plaque removal
   3. Describe the effects of polishing and
   4. List the major indications for polishing tooth surfaces
   5. Summarize contraindications for polishing
   6. Recall Wilkins’ suggestions for a clinic procedure of stain removal
   7. Define abrasive, abrasion and polishing.
   8. Describe the methods of application with regard to quantity, speed, and pressure.
   9. Describe the low speed handpiece, prophylaxis angle, and prophylaxis angle attachements and where they should be used.
   10. Describe the grasp for the handpiece with prophylaxis angle attached.
   11. Outline correct use of the rheostat pedal.
   12. Describe the stroke and procedure for use of rubber cup and bristle brushes.
   13. Discuss the importance of irrigation.
   14. Name the devices used for polishing proximal surfaces.
   15. Differentiate the characteristics and uses of various forms of dental tape and floss.
   16. Review polishing techniques with dental floss or tapes.
   17. Review correct application of polishing strips.
   18. Describe a disclosing agent.
   19. Name the primary purposes of a disclosing agent.
   20. Outline techniques for application of solution for direct application, rinsing, and tablet.
   21. Recognize effects of disclosing agents on clean teeth surfaces and oral mucous membranes.
   22. Review technical hints for use of disclosing agents.
   23. Review factors to teach the patient.
3. Discuss the rationale for use of the fluoride ion and fluoride agents as dental caries preventive measures
   1. Identify the two general means fluoride is made available to the tooth structure
   2. Outline the intake and metabolism of fluoride in the body
   3. Discuss fluoride uptake during the stages of tooth development
   4. Describe the mechanisms of action for fluoride
   5. Define fluoridation
   6. State the optimum level of fluoridation for temperate climates
   7. Recall benefits of optimum fluoride with regard to appearance, caries reduction in permanent teeth, root caries, tooth loss, malocclusion and periodontal diseases.
   8. Discuss current fluoridation controversies.
   9. Identify economic benefits with regard to cost of fluoridation and professional care.
   10. Discuss dietary supplements of fluoride with regard to whom they are appropriate.
   11. Name the three most generally used topical fluoride preparations
   12. Discuss these preparations with regard to efficacy of caries reduction, solution, frequency of application and clinical features.
   13. Outline clinical procedures in preparation for topical fluoride applications
   14. Describe proper procedures for each of the following techniques; paint-on, tray and fluoride varnish.
   15. Identify accepted options for self-application of fluoride
   16. Describe indications, proper procedures, and patient education information to be provided for: home application of custom-fitted trays, use of fluoride mouthliners, fluoride dentifrices, brush-on gel and fluoride varnish.
   17. Discuss benefits derived from a combined fluoride program
   18. Review summary of fluoride management
   19. Identify signs and symptoms for acute and chronic toxicity
   20. Review technical hints
   21. Review factors to teach the patients
4. Identify proper use of the periodontal probe to assist in determining periodontal status
   1. Identify six basic purposes of the periodontal probe and uses within each category
   2. Identify characteristics of the periodontal probe
   3. List two features to be considered in selecting a probe
   4. Recognize five characteristics of a pocket which guide use of the probe
   5. Name the general objectives of probing and factors that influence probe determinations
   6. Describe use of the probe with regarding insertion, advancement to base of pocket, reading and circumferential probing.
   7. Relate probe adaptations for molars and premolars, anterior teeth and proximal surfaces.
   8. Define “attachment level” and relate the rationale and procedure for probing
   9. Recall the furcations examination and types of furcations, anatomic features, and examination methods.
   10. Discuss the mucogingival examination and the tension test, gingival tissue examination, and measurement of amount of attached gingiva.
   11. Review the periodontal charting technique described in your text.
   12. Recall the methods for determining and recording tooth mobility and fremitus.
5. Describe the structures and functions of the periodontium in health
   1. Illustrate and discuss the clinical anatomy of the periodontium
   2. Illustrate and describe the microscopic anatomy of the periodontium
   3. List and describe the functions of the periodontium
   4. Discuss the importance of the dentogingival unit
   5. Describe the blood supply to the gingival and the attachment apparatus
6. Recall the tissue and cellular interactions involved in the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases
   1. Discuss current theories of periodontal disease activity
   2. Discuss the relationship of the inflammatory and immune host responses to inflammatory periodontal diseases
   3. Describe the course of the progression of gingivitis to periodontitis
   4. Distinguish between gingival and periodontal pockets
7. Recognize the concept of risk factors for periodontal diseases and the relationship of periodontal diseases as a risk factor for other medical diseases
   1. Describe dental plaque formation as well as its composition in the supra and subgingival environment
   2. Describe the relationship between the mechanisms of bacterial action and host responses in the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases
   3. List and explain contributing local risk factors
   4. List and discuss possible systemic risk factors
   5. Discuss periodontal diseases as a risk factor for specific disease entities such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and preterm low-birth-weight babies
8. Recall the classifications of inflammatory periodontal diseases
   1. Describe the1999 classification of periodontal diseases
   2. Discuss the relationship of hormones and medications with periodontal diseases
   3. Discuss periodontal disease associated with HIV-positive patients
   4. Explain the association of periodontal diseases relationship with dental implants
9. Recall policies and procedures presented in DMACC’s “Basic Outline for Clinical Procedures.”
   1. Recognize life endangering emergency conditions and recall correct general first-aid procedures
   2. Describe the clinical procedure for the periodontal bleeding index (PBI) including the calculation of score and criteria.
   3. Use the Patient Hygiene Performance to assess plaque and debris.
   4. According to the Criteria for deposit Classification determine appropriate deposit classification
   5. Classify patients according to the American Academy of Periodontology’s classification of Periodontal Disease
   6. Record “SOAP” notes under “clinical notes” section of patients digital record.
10. Enumerate the principles and details of methods for the prevention and control of dental caries and periodontal diseases
    1. Review primary, secondary, and tertiary measures
    2. Define a “program for prevention.”
    3. Outline the basic steps of a preventive treatment plan and examples of services performed for each.
    4. Define “dental health education.”
    5. Discuss motivation and patient-entered instruction
    6. Define disease contraol and oral physical therapy.
    7. Sequence the basic steps in the design of instruction
    8. Relate the principles of learning
    9. Present the series of steps in the learning ladder
    10. Identify the factors to be considered in the selection of objectives for the patient
    11. Describe the program outline with regard to program, immediate and long-range planning, when to teach and the setting.
    12. Review the sample lessons presented in the text
    13. Discuss the teaching system
    14. Recall considerations in evaluation of teaching aids in general characteristics, patient reading material, and use of models.
    15. Identify factors that contribute to the model of health behavior and be able to give dentally related example of each
    16. Describe the multidimensional approach necessary for long-term adherence to health recommendations
    17. List the salient beliefs identified by Rosenstock & Kegeles which influence the likelihood of an individual taking a recommended preventive action
11. Recall the purposes, indications, and contraindications for various toothbrushing methods as applied to individualized chairside instruction
    1. Review the definition of plaque control
    2. Identify the principle instrument in general use for accomplishing plaque removal
    3. List the criteria that uninformed patients may use for selecting toothbrushes
    4. Trace the development of toothbrushes
    5. Describe the desirable characteristics of a brush designed to promote oral cleanliness
    6. Review the preferred design of a toothbrush with regard to handle, head, and bristles and filaments.
    7. Discuss the factors which influence selection of the proper toothbrush for a patient
    8. Comment on the use of medium or hard tufted toothbrushes
    9. Discuss the advantages for the use of the soft brush with rounded ends
    10. State the results that can be expected when a firm, comfortable grasp has been attained
    11. Review toothbrushing instructions with regard tograsp of bruch, sequence of brushing, and count system vs clock system for amount of brushing.
    12. State recommendations for frequency of brushing with consideration of patient’s age, present level of oral hygience, and state of oral health.
    13. Discuss the basis for classification of most toothbrushing methods
    14. Describe and demonstrate the methods of toothbrushing in regard to purpose and indication for use, technique, and problems that may result from improper technique.
    15. Describe the powered toothbrush in regard to head, filaments, motions, power source and speeds.
    16. Discuss the purpose and indications for use of the powered toothbrush
    17. State the level of muscle dexterity required to utilize automatic toothbrushes as compared to manual toothbrushes
    18. Describe and demonstrate the general suggestions and technique for brushing with an automatic toothbrush
    19. Discuss the oral conditions which may require supplemental brushing
    20. Recall objectives and correct technique for occlusal brushing and tongue brushing.
    21. Describe the effects that may result from improper toothbrushing and corrective measures for each
    22. List a variety of conditions which may indicate a temporary omission of toothbrushing from personal care routines.
    23. Review the supply of and steps in caring for the toothbrush
12. Indicate appropriate oral conditions for application, and demonstrate use of the following auxiliary aids
    1. Dental floss, tape, and flossing devices.
    2. Knitting yarn.
    3. Gauze strip.
    4. Pipe cleaner.
    5. Toothpick devices.
    6. Balsa wood interdental cleaner.
    7. End-tufted brush.
    8. Interdental tip.
    9. Water-pik
    10. Rota-dent
    11. Sonic and power toothbrushes
    12. Tongue cleaners
13. Recall the rationale for use of oral irrigation as an adjunct dental procedure
    1. State the focus of current oral irrigation research and summarize findings of significant studies
    2. Identify current factors responsible for the renewed interest in oral irrigation
    3. List indications and contraindications for use of oral irrigation in patient selection
    4. State effects of powered oral irrigation on plaque microflora
    5. Compare the effectiveness of oral irrigation to brushing and flossing in the removal of subgingival loosely attached plaque
    6. Describe the mechanism of action during oral irrigation
    7. Explain why oral irrigators enhance the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents in clinical practice.
    8. Incorporate the criteria for selection of appropriate antimicrobial agents in clinical practice
    9. Describe delivery systems available for subgingival irrigation
    10. Compare the results on the gingiva of mechanized, pulsed irrigation, subgingival delivery irrigation and passive irrigation
    11. Demonstrate the assembly, proper use and maintenance of the various irrigation systems
14. Discuss the appropriate use for dentifrices and mouthwashes in prevention of disease and maintenance of dental health
    1. Define the two broad classifications of mouthwashes and dentifrices
    2. Identify active ingredients in mouthwashes and dentifrices
    3. List indications and contraindications for their use
    4. Recall the ADA evaluation programs for these products
15. Discuss the rationale for and oral hygiene care of fixed and removable prostheses
    1. Define “dental appliance” and “dental prosthesis” and give examples of each
    2. Relate the importance of patient cooperation and success of treatment
    3. Discuss orthodontic appliances with regard to complications, general instructions and toothbrushing for disease control, and additional measures such as interdental aids, oral irrigation and care of a removalbe appliance.
    4. Discuss the rationale for the use of space maintainers
    5. Define “preventive orthodontics
    6. Identify fixed partial dentures with regard to definition, components and care procedures.
    7. Discuss the removable partial denture with regard to function, components, cleaning, and caring for natural teeth.
    8. Describe complete dentures and their components, purposes for cleaning, deposits, cleaning methods (immersion or brushing), classification of cleansers, and associated care of underlying mucosa.
    9. Relate information concerning the complete overdenture with reference to purposes, criteria for treatment, preparation of teeth, and hygiene care and patient education.
    10. Review technical hints for self-care and patient instruction
16. Recognize deviations from the normal mechanical relationship between the teeth of the maxillary and mandibular arches
    1. State the primary objectives for observing occlusion
    2. Describe the ideal mechanical relationship between the teeth of the maxillary and mandibular arches in normal occlusion
    3. Identify the three types of facial profile
    4. Describe the malrelations that can occur between groups of teeth
    5. List the malposition of individual teeth
    6. Recognize the factors which may contribute to malocclusion
    7. Describe Angle’s classifications of occlusion as to facial profile, molar relationship and canine relationship.
    8. Identify the criteria for classifying occlusion in the deciduous dentition
    9. State the canine characteristics that may be present in the primary teeth
    10. Identify Angle’s classification of occlusion, malpositions of individual teeth and groups of teeth on study models
    11. Discuss the role of proximal contacts in occlusion
    12. State the cause of drifting and pathological migration
    13. Identify the types of trauma that can occur from occlusion
    14. List the effects of trauma from occlusion
    15. State the methods that may cause application of excess pressure on the periodontium
    16. Recognize the clinical and radiographic findings which serve as signs of trauma from occlusion
    17. Discuss technical hints which aid in observing occlusion and increasing patient rapport
    18. List factors to teach the patient
17. Explain indications for utilization and principles of application for pulp testing
    1. Select the proper armamentarium (equipment and supplies) for administering percussion tests, thermal tests, and electric pulp tests
    2. Administer a percussion test, a thermal test, and an electric pulp test having chosen the necessary armamentarium
    3. Record the data obtained
    4. State orally or in writing the indications of this data
18. Discuss the definition, action, indications, and techniques of application of pit and fissure sealants as part of a complete preventive program
    1. Identify three areas of use for the acid etch technique and specific example for each
    2. List current methods that are used to prevent pit and fissure caries
    3. Discuss the role of sealants in a total preventive program
    4. Discuss research findings regarding sealant retention and caries reduction
    5. Describe the mechanism by which the sealant attaches to the tooth
    6. Discuss the effect that the shape of a pit or fissure has on the penetration of a sealant
    7. Discuss the factors to be considered when selecting teeth for the sealant application
    8. Describe types of sealant material.
    9. Sequence the steps most commonly used when applying pit and fissure sealants
19. Demonstrate the influence of patient/clinician experiences as they pertain to professional growth opportunities.
    1. Create two written relfection papers that each document the accurate collection of patient data combined with the individual patient/clinician interaction that transpired; relate that to perceived professional growth on the part of the clinician for the express benefit of future patient care.