AUT 112 - Intro to AutoTech II

1. Identify Vehicle Manufacturer’s Recommended Service Procedures.
   1. Research applicable vehicle and service information, vehicle service history, service precautions, and technical service bulletins.
   2. Perform diagnosis and repair as needed.
2. Analyze Engine Repair.
   1. Verify operation of the instrument panel engine warning indicators.
   2. Inspect engine assembly for fuel, oil, coolant, and other leaks; determine necessary action.
   3. Perform cylinder cranking and running compression tests; determine necessary action.
   4. Perform cylinder leakage test; determine necessary action.
   5. Identify hybrid vehicle internal combustion engine service precautions.
   6. Perform cooling system pressure and dye tests to identify leaks; check coolant condition and level; inspect and test radiator, pressure cap, coolant recovery tank, and heater core and galley plugs; determine necessary action.
   7. Inspect, replace, and adjust drive belts, tensioners, and pulleys; check pulley and belt alignment.
   8. Remove, inspect, and replace thermostat and gasket/seal.
   9. Inspect and test coolant; drain and recover coolant; flush and refill cooling system with recommended coolant; bleed air as required.
   10. Perform engine oil and filter change.
3. Evaluate Fuel, Air Induction, and Exhaust Systems.
   1. Replace fuel filter.
   2. Inspect, service, or replace air filters, filter housings, and intake duct work.
   3. Inspect integrity of the exhaust manifold, exhaust pipes, muffler(s), catalytic converter(s), resonator(s), tail pipe(s), and heat shields; determine necessary action.
   4. Inspect condition of exhaust system hangers, brackets, clamps, and heat shields; repair or replace as needed.
   5. Check and refill diesel exhaust fluid (DEF).
4. Examine Automatic Transmission and Transaxle.
   1. Check fluid level in a transmission or a transaxle equipped with a dip-stick.
   2. Check fluid level in a transmission or a transaxle not equipped with a dip-stick.
   3. Check transmission fluid condition; check for leaks.
   4. Inspect, adjust, and replace external manual valve shift linkage, transmission range sensor/switch, and park/neutral position switch.
   5. Inspect for leakage at external seals, gaskets, and bushings.
   6. Inspect replace and align power train mounts.
   7. Drain and replace fluid and filter(s).
   8. Describe the operational characteristics of a continuously variable transmission (CVT).
   9. Describe the operational characteristics of a hybrid vehicle drive train.
5. Examine Manual Transmission and Transaxle.
   1. Drain and refill manual transmission/transaxle and final drive unit.
   2. Check fluid condition; check for leaks.
   3. Check and adjust clutch master cylinder fluid level; check for system leaks.
   4. Describe the operational characteristics of an electronically-controlled manual transmission/transaxle.
   5. Inspect, remove, and replace front wheel drive (FWD) bearings, hubs, and seals.
   6. Inspect, service, and replace shafts, yokes, boots, and universal/CV joints.
   7. Clean and inspect differential housing; check for leaks; inspect housing vent.
   8. Drain and refill differential housing; Check and adjust differential housing fluid level.
   9. Inspect and replace drive axle wheel studs.
   10. Inspect front-wheel bearings and locking hubs.
   11. Check for leaks at drive assembly seals; check vents; check lube level.
6. Evaluate Steering Systems.
   1. Inspect rack and pinion steering gear inner tie rod ends (sockets) and bellows boots.
   2. Determine proper power steering fluid type; inspect fluid level and condition.
   3. Flush, fill, and bleed power steering system.
   4. Inspect for power steering fluid leakage; determine necessary action.
   5. Remove, inspect, replace, and adjust power steering pump drive belt.
   6. Inspect and replace power steering hoses and fittings.
   7. Inspect pitman arm, relay (centerlink/intermediate) rod, idler arm and mountings, and steering linkage damper.
   8. Inspect tie rod ends (sockets), tie rod sleeves, and clamps.
   9. Inspect electric power-assisted steering.
   10. Identify hybrid vehicle power steering system electrical circuits and safety precautions.
   11. Describe the function of the power steering pressure switch.
7. Analyze Suspension Systems.
   1. Inspect upper and lower control arms, bushings, and shafts.
   2. Inspect and replace rebound and jounce bumpers.
   3. Inspect track bar, strut rods/radius arms, and related mounts and bushings.
   4. Inspect upper and lower ball joints (with or without wear indicators).
   5. Inspect suspension system coil springs and spring insulators (silencers).
   6. Inspect suspension system torsion bars and mounts.
   7. Inspect and replace front stabilizer bar (sway bar) bushings, brackets, and links.
   8. Inspect strut cartridge or assembly.
   9. Inspect front strut bearing and mount.
   10. Inspect rear suspension system lateral links/arms (track bars), control (trailing) arms.
   11. Inspect rear suspension system leaf spring(s), spring insulators (silencers), shackles, brackets, bushings, center pins/bolts, and mounts.
   12. Inspect, remove, and replace shock absorbers; inspect mounts and bushings.
   13. Perform pre-alignment inspection and measure vehicle ride height; determine necessary action.
8. Evaluate Hydraulic Brake Systems.
   1. Describe procedure for performing a road test to check brake system operation, including an anti-lock brake system (ABS).
   2. Check operation of brake stop light system.
   3. Identify components of brake warning light system.
   4. Measure brake pedal height, travel, and free play (as applicable); determine necessary action.
   5. Check master cylinder for external leaks and proper operation.
   6. Inspect brake lines, flexible hoses, and fittings for leaks, dents, kinks, rust, cracks, bulging, wear, loose fittings and supports; determine necessary action.
   7. Select, handle, store, and fill brake fluids to proper level.
   8. Test brake fluid for contamination; Bleed and/or flush brake system as needed.
   9. Check brake pedal travel with, and without, engine running to verify proper power booster operation.
   10. Check vacuum supply (manifold or auxiliary pump) to vacuum-type power booster.
   11. Remove, clean, inspect, repack, and install wheel bearings; replace seals; install hub and adjust bearings; Replace wheel bearing and race as needed.
   12. Inspect and replace wheel studs.
9. Analyze Disc Brake Systems.
   1. Remove and clean caliper assembly; inspect for leaks and damage/wear to caliper housing; determine necessary action.
   2. Clean and inspect caliper mounting and slides/pins for proper operation, wear, and damage; determine necessary action.
   3. Remove, inspect, and replace pads and retaining hardware; determine necessary action.
   4. Lubricate and reinstall caliper, pads, and related hardware; seat pads and inspect for leaks.
   5. Clean and inspect rotor, measure rotor thickness, thickness variation, and lateral runout; determine necessary action.
   6. Remove and reinstall rotor.
   7. Refinish rotor on vehicle; measure final rotor thickness and compare with specifications.
   8. Refinish rotor off vehicle; measure final rotor thickness and compare with specifications.
   9. Retract and re-adjust caliper piston on an integral parking brake system.
   10. Check parking brake cables and components for wear, binding, and corrosion; clean, lubricate, adjust or replace as needed; Check parking brake and parking brake indicator light system operation; determine necessary action.
   11. Check brake pad wear indicator; determine necessary action.
   12. Describe importance of operating vehicle to burnish/break-in replacement brake pads according to manufacturer’s recommendations.
10. Evaluate Drum Brake Systems.
    1. Remove, clean, inspect, and measure brake drum diameter; determine necessary action.
    2. Refinish brake drum and measure final drum diameter; compare with specifications.
    3. Remove, clean, and inspect brake shoes, springs, pins, clips, levers, adjusters/self-adjusters, other related brake hardware, and backing support plates; lubricate and reassemble.
    4. Inspect wheel cylinders for leaks and proper operation; remove and replace as needed.
    5. Check parking brake cables and components for wear, binding, and corrosion; clean, lubricate, adjust or replace as needed.
    6. Pre-adjust brake shoes and parking brake; install brake drums or drum/hub assemblies and wheel bearings; make final checks and adjustments.
    7. Check parking brake and parking brake indicator light system operation; determine necessary action.
11. Examine Electronic Braking Systems.
    1. Identify traction control/vehicle stability control system components.
    2. Describe the operation of a regenerative braking system.
12. Analyze Heating and Air Conditioning Systems.
    1. Inspect and replace A/C compressor drive belts, pulleys, and tensioners; determine necessary action.
    2. Identify hybrid vehicle A/C system electrical circuits and the service/safety precautions.
    3. Inspect A/C condenser for airflow restrictions; determine necessary action.
    4. Inspect engine cooling and heater systems hoses; perform necessary action.
    5. Inspect A/C-heater ducts, doors, hoses, cabin filters, and outlets; perform necessary action.
    6. Identify the source of A/C system odors.

AUT 114 - Shop Fund & Minor Service

Credits: 4
Lecture Hours: 2
Lab Hours: 4
Practicum Hours: 0
Work Experience: 0
Course Type: Voc/Tech

1. Perform proper shop safety procedures.
   1. Apply work area safety skills.
   2. Demonstrate personal safety working habits.
   3. Practice tool and equipment safety use.
   4. Investigate government agencies.
   5. Follow manufacturer’s warnings and government regulations.
   6. Define hazardous material.
   7. Complete S/P2 training and certification.
2. Use automotive tools and equipment.
   1. Inventory personal hand tools.
   2. Complete a project using common hand tools.
   3. Use common shop tools and equipment.
   4. Exercise proper use of basic hand tools.
   5. Demonstrate safe power tool usage.
   6. Elevate a car on a hoist.
   7. Raise a car with a floor jack.
   8. Properly support a car on jack stands.
3. Analyze automotive service information.
   1. Using an owner’s manual, locate vehicle-specific information.
   2. Utilize vehicle-specific information using manufacturer’s service information.
   3. Locate vehicle-specific information using generic service information.
   4. Analyze vehicle-specific information using electronic service information.
   5. Locate service bulletins by vehicle application.
   6. Identify industry standard labor times using labor estimating guides.
   7. Locate and interpret vehicle service decals, warning labels, and component identification numbers.
   8. Interpret vehicle identification numbers (VIN).
4. Examine fasteners.
   1. Identify fasteners.
   2. Examine clamping force.
   3. Examine torqueing methods.
   4. Interpret torque patterns and increments.
   5. Demonstrate proper thread repair in aluminum and steel.
   6. Practice broken bolt removal.
5. Perform mechanical measurements.
   1. Examine different measuring systems.
   2. Interpret common conversions.
   3. Use a straight edge and feeler gauge to make a measurement.
   4. Perform measurements using a dial caliper.
   5. Use an outside micrometer to make measurements.
   6. Make measurements using a split-ball gauge.
   7. Make measurements using a telescoping gauge.
   8. Perform measurements using a dial indicator.
   9. Measure rotating bearing preload torque.
   10. Measure shaft end play, determine necessary action.
   11. Generate measurements using other precision measuring tools.
6. Examine dealership/repair facility organizational structure.
   1. Identify key personnel of dealership/repair facility.
   2. Investigate the responsibility of each element.
   3. Diagram the organizational structure of dealership/repair facility.
7. Analyze manufacturer’s warranties.
   1. Compare warranty procedures from model year to model year.
   2. Examine procedures for completing warranty forms.
   3. Determine warranty claim validity.
8. Examine automotive systems.
   1. Describe engine systems.
   2. Discuss transmissions and axles.
   3. Examine chassis systems.
   4. Identify vehicle safety systems.
   5. Examine comfort systems.
   6. Utilize scan tools.
9. Perform minor service procedures.
   1. Locate various system components.
   2. Change drive belts and pulleys.
   3. Drain and refill cooling system.
   4. Change engine oil and filter.
   5. Lubricate chassis.
   6. Complete wheel bearing services.
   7. Service C/V and universal joints.
   8. Inspect front drive axles.
   9. Service drive train.
   10. Inspect exhaust system.
   11. Change transmission/transaxle fluid and filter.
   12. Drain and refill differential housing.
10. Check minor service systems.
    1. Check fluid levels.
    2. Check fluid level in a transmission or a transaxle equipped with a dip-stick.
    3. Check fluid level in a transmission or a transaxle not equipped with a dip-stick.
    4. Check and refill diesel exhaust fluid (DEF).
    5. Clean and inspect differential housing; check for leaks; inspect housing vent.
    6. Check and adjust differential housing fluid level.
11. Perform tire and wheel service.
    1. Identify tire design and construction.
    2. Interpret tire sizes.
    3. Inspect tire and wheel assembly for air loss; perform necessary action.
    4. Repair tire using internal patch.
    5. Rotate tires according to manufacturer?s recommendations.
    6. Dismount, inspect and remount tire on wheel for standard wheel and wheel equipped with tire pressure monitor sensor.
    7. Perform static and dynamic balance of tire and wheel assembly.
    8. Reinstall wheels and torque lug nuts.
12. Analyze the vehicle delivery process.
    1. Discuss customer expectations and satisfaction.
    2. Explain the importance of overall vehicle appearance prior to delivery.
    3. Perform new and pre-owned vehicle inspections.
    4. Discuss wind noise and water leak repair.

AUT 140 - Welding for Automotive Mechani

1. View required videos and do the workbook assignments
   1. Study pages 4 through 6 of safety handout
   2. Demonstrate an understanding of safety and equipment.
2. Demonstrate proper set up, start up and shut down procedures for Oxy-Acetylene equipment
   1. Demonstrate the proper set up and shut down for the instructor in the lab.
   2. Demonstrate lighting torch, adjusting flame and proper shut down
3. Perform manual flame cutting on various thicknesses of steel.
   1. Set up cutting torch with proper tip and Oxy-Acetylene pressures.
   2. Manually flame cut sheet metal, ¼”, ½”, bevels and pierce holes.
   3. Reproduce cuts for instructor
4. Shielded Metal Arc Welding
   1. View videos #1 and #2 and do work book assignments.
   2. Explain the safety rules and setup of welding machine power sources.
   3. Demonstrate the setting of AC and DC currents and how they are used.
5. Classify and select electrodes
   1. View video #3 and complete workbook assignment.
   2. Explain electrode numbering system to the instructor
   3. Match electrodes to the right polarity
6. Stringer beads, stops and starts
   1. View video #4 and complete workbook assignment.
   2. Make stringer beads using 1/8? E-6013, E-6010 and E-6011.
   3. Practice stops and starts using 1/8” E-6013, E-6010 and E-6011.
7. Weld lap and tee joints in the flat position
   1. View videos #8 and #14 and complete workbook assignments
   2. Produce a lap joint in the flat position using 3/16” material and 1/8” E-6013, E-6010 and E-6011
   3. Produce a T-joint in the flat position using 3/16” material and 1/8” E-6013, E-6010 and E-6011
   4. Multi-pass T-joints in the flat position using 1/8” E-6013, E-6010 and E-6011.
   5. Lab test over SMAW for final grade
8. Gas Metal Arc Welding
   1. View videos #1, #2, #3, #4 and complete the workbook assignments.
   2. Explain the safety rules to observe when using GMAW equipment.
   3. Describe what personal safety gear to use when using GMAW equipment.
9. Set up and shut down of GMAW equipment
   1. Explain the proper set up and shutdown of GMAW equipment.
   2. Name the two main components of GMAW
10. Selection of gases and flow rates for GMAW
    1. Identify some of the gases used with GMAW
    2. Describe proper handling of GMAW shielding gas cylinders.
    3. Demonstrate how to place regulator on gas cylinder and how to set correct flow rate
11. Functions of DC current and it’s relation to GMAW.
    1. Explain what two types of power sources are used with GMAW.
    2. Explain what type DC current is used for different metals
    3. Demonstrate how to change polarity on GMAW equipment
12. Electrodes sizes and their relation to material thicknesses.
    1. Explain how to choose correct electrode diameter.
    2. Explain what amperage settings are used for the electrode being used.
13. Welding stringer beads, stops and restarts in the flat position.
    1. Select .035 wire, 75/25 shielding gas and 3/16” plate.
    2. Place gun nozzle in the pushing position and run stringer beads.
    3. Place gun nozzle in the pulling position and run stringer beads.
    4. Practice stops and restarts both pushing and pulling.
14. Single pass on lap and T-joints in the flat position
    1. Select .035 wire, 75/25 shielding gas and 3/16” x 2” x 6” metal
    2. Position metal to form lap joint and push stringer beads both sides.
    3. Position metal to form lap joint and pull stringer beads both sides.
    4. Position metal to from T-joint and push root pass
    5. Position metal to form T-joint and pull root pass
15. Multi-pass T-joint
    1. Select .035 wire, 75/25 gas and 3/16” x 2” x 6” metal.
    2. Position metal to form a T-joint
    3. Weld root pass, 2nd and 3rd pass forming multi-pass weldment.
16. Vertical down welds on lap and T-joints, multi-pass vertical down welding on T-joints.
    1. Select .035 wire, 75/25 gas and 3/16” x 2” x 6” metal.
    2. Place lap joint in the vertical position and weld from top to bottom.
    3. Place T-joint in vertical position and weld from top to bottom.
    4. Place T-joint in vertical position and weld from top to bottom with multi-pass welding
17. Sheet metal welding (if time permits).
    1. Select .030 wire, 75/25 gas and 16 gauge sheet metal 2” x 6”.
    2. Place metal to form lap joint and T-joint and weld in the flat position.
    3. Place metal to form lap joint and T-joint and weld in the vertical down position.

AUT 163 - Automotive Engine Repair

1. Perform proper shop safety procedures
   1. Apply work area safety skills
   2. Demonstrate personal safety working habits
   3. Practice tool and equipment safety use
   4. Follow manufactures repair procedures
   5. Follow manufactures warnings and government regulations.
2. Explain the fundamentals of basic engine design and operation
   1. Describe basic engine operation
   2. Describe the basic laws of physics involved with engine operation
   3. Classify engines according to the number of cycles, the number of cylinders, cylinder arrangement, and valvetrain type
   4. Define the four-stroke cycle theory
   5. Describe the different cylinder arrangements and the advantages of each
   6. Describe the different valvetrains used in modern engines.
   7. Define engine measurement terms such as bore and stroke, displacement, compression ration, engine efficiency, horsepower and torque, horsepower losses, mechanical efficiency, and thermal efficiency
   8. Describe the basic operation of alternative engine designs, including diesel, Miller-cycle, and stratified charge
   9. Identify engine using vehicle identification number.
   10. Acquire pertinent service information for specific repair procedures.
3. Diagnosis and repair cylinder head and valve train.
   1. Visually inspect cylinder head(s) for cracks; check gasket surface areas for warpage and leakage; check passage condition
   2. Remove and reinstall cylinder heads and gaskets; tighten according to manufacturer’s specifications and procedures
   3. Inspect valve springs for squareness and free height comparison; determine necessary action
   4. Inspect valve guides for wear; check valve stem-to-guide clearance; determine necessary action
   5. Inspect valves and valve seats; determine necessary action.
   6. Check valve face-to-seat contact and valve seat concentricity (runout); determine necessary action
   7. Check valve spring assembled height and valve stem height; determine necessary action
   8. Inspect pushrods, rocker arms, rocker arm pivots and shafts for wear, bending, cracks, looseness, and blocked oil passages (orifices); determine necessary action.
   9. Inspect hydraulic or mechanical lifters; determine necessary action.
   10. Adjust valves (mechanical or hydraulic lifters).
   11. Inspect camshaft drives (including gear wear and backlash, sprocket and chain wear); determine necessary action
   12. Inspect and replace timing belts (chains), overhead camdrive sprockets, and tensioners; check belt/chain; adjust as necessary
   13. Inspect camshaft for runout, journal wear and lobe wear.
   14. Inspect camshaft bearing surface for wear, damage, out-of-round, and alignment; determine necessary action
   15. Establish camshaft(s) timing and cam sensor indexing according to manufacturer’s specifications and procedures
4. Diagnosis and repair engine block assembly
   1. Disassemble engine block; clean and prepare components for inspection and reassembly
   2. Inspect engine block for visible cracks, passage condition, core and gallery plug condition, and surface warpage; determine necessary action
   3. Inspect and measure cylinder walls/sleeves for damage, wear and ridges; determine necessary action
   4. Deglaze and clean cylinder walls
   5. Inspect and measure camshaft bearings for wear, damage, out-of-round, and alignment; determine necessary action
   6. Inspect crankshaft for end play, straightness, journal damage, keyway damage, thrust flange and sealing surface condition, and visual surface cracks; check oil passage condition; measure journal wear; check crankshaft sensor reluctor ring (where applicabl
   7. Inspect main and connecting rod bearings for damage and wear; determine necessary action
   8. Identify piston and bearing wear patterns that indicate connecting rod alignment and main bearing bore problems; determine necessary action.
   9. Inspect and measure pistons; determine necessary action.
   10. Remove and replace piston pin
   11. Inspect, measure, and install piston rings
   12. Inspect auxiliary (balance, intermediate, idler, counterbalance or silencer) shaft(s); inspect shaft(s) and support bearings for damage and wear; determine necessary action; reinstall and time
   13. Inspect or replace crankshaft vibration damper (harmonic balancer).
   14. Assemble engine block assembly
   15. Install engine covers using gaskets, seals and sealers as required.

AUT 173 - Adv Automotive Engine Repair

1. Practice safe working habits.
   1. Use proper eye protection.
   2. Select proper tools to work in a safe manner.
   3. Demonstrate a concern for the safety of fellow workers.
2. Evaluate engine performance.
   1. Evaluate engine performance during a road test.
   2. Perform cylinder power balance test; determine necessary action.
   3. Perform engine absolute (vacuum/boost) manifold pressure tests; determine necessary action.
   4. Perform cylinder cracking compression tests; determine necessary action.
   5. Perform cylinder leakage test; determine necessary action.
   6. Perform cylinder running compression test; determine necessary action.
   7. Analyze engine fluid leaks.
   8. Diagnose abnormal engine noises or vibration concerns; determine necessary actions.
   9. Diagnose the cause of excessive oil consumption, coolant consumption, unusual exhaust color, odor, and sound; determine necessary action.
3. Service cooling system.
   1. Discuss types of coolant.
   2. Identify causes of engine overheating.
   3. Inspect, replace, and adjust drive belts, tensioners, and pulleys; check pulley and belt alignment.
   4. Inspect and test coolant; drain and recover coolant; flush and refill cooling system with recommended coolant; bleed as required.
   5. Perform cooling system pressure and dye tests to identify leaks; inspect and test radiator, pressure cap, coolant recovery tank, heater core and radiator hoses; determine necessary action.
   6. Inspect, remove, and replace water pump.
   7. Remove and replace radiator.
   8. Remove, inspect and replace thermostat and gasket/seal.
   9. Inspect and test cooling fans (electrical and mechanical), fan clutch, and fan shrouds and air dams.
   10. Inspect, test, and replace coolant temperature and pressure switches and sensors.
4. Service engine lubrication system.
   1. Explain engine oil classifications and categories.
   2. Perform engine oil pressure test; determine necessary action.
   3. Inspect, test, and replace oil temperature and pressure switches and sensors.
5. Engine assembly removal and reinstallation.
   1. Inspect engine assembly for fuel, oil, coolant, and other leaks; determine necessary action.
   2. Remove and reinstall engine assembly in and OBD II or newer vehicle; reconnect all attaching components and restore vehicle to running condition;remove and replace a starter; remove,inspect and install an alternator.
   3. Perform predetermined operations; clean engine components, inspect components for wear, and perform any necessary measurements; determine any necessary operations to restore engine to manufacturer’s recommendations.
   4. Verify operation of the instrument panel warning indicators.
6. Perform in-vehicle service.
   1. Inspect and replace camshaft and drive belt/chain; includes checking drive gear wear and backlash, end play, sprocket and chain wear, overhead cam drive sprocket(s), drive belt(s), belt tension, tensioners, camshaft reluctor ring/tone-wheel, and valve timing components; verify correct camshaft timing.
   2. Replace valve stem seals on an assembled engine; inspect valve spring retainers, locks/keepers, and valve lock/keeper grooves; determine necessary action.
   3. Adjust valves (mechanical or hydraulic lifters).

AUT 242 - Basic Automotive Powertrain

1. Perform Proper Shop Safety Procedures.
   1. Apply work area safety skills.
   2. Demonstrate safe personal working habits.
   3. Practice safe tool and equipment usage.
   4. Follow manufacturers repair procedures.
   5. Follow manufacturer and government warnings and regulations.
2. Drivetrain Fundamentals.
   1. Define the purpose of the automotive drivetrain.
   2. Identify and explain the common drivetrain configurations.
   3. Identify the drivetrain components and explain their function.
   4. Identify different types of transmissions and transaxles.
   5. Describe the concepts of torque multiplication.
   6. List the methods of obtaining gear reduction, overdrive, reverse, neutral and the forward gears.
3. Flywheel Clutch Assembly Fundamentals.
   1. Identify different types of automotive clutches and define their major components.
   2. Identify the different types of automotive flywheels and explain their purpose.
   3. Explain the operation of the clutch pressure plate and friction disc.
   4. Explain the operation of the clutch release bearing.
   5. Explain clutch freeplay.
   6. Explain the operation of a self-adjusting clutch.
4. Manual Transmission/Transaxle Design and Operation.
   1. Identify and interpret drive train concerns; determine necessary action.
   2. Research applicable vehicle and service information, fluid type, vehicle service history, service precautions, and technical service bulletins.
   3. Identify common transmission terms and explain transmission construction.
   4. Explain power flow through a manual transmission/transaxle.
   5. Identify terms associated with final drives and differentials for transaxles and explain their operation.
   6. Explain the operation of transmission/transaxle shift linkage.
   7. Explain how transmissions/transaxles are internally lubricated and sealed.
5. Off-Vehicle Manual Transmission/Transaxle Diagnosis and Repair
   1. Disassemble, inspect, clean, and reassemble internal transmission/transaxle components.
   2. Inspect transmission/transaxle case and case mating surfaces, extension housing, bores, bushings, and vents; determine necessary actions.
   3. Inspect and replace gaskets, seals, and sealants; inspect sealing surfaces.
   4. Measure endplay and/or preload on transmission/transaxle shafts; determine necessary action.
   5. Inspect and re-install synchronizer hub, sleeves, keys (inserts), springs, and blocker rings.
6. Automatic Transmission/Transaxle Design and Operation.
   1. Describe basic automatic transmission/transaxle operation.
   2. Describe the basic laws of physics involved with an automatic transmission operation.
   3. Classify automatic transmissions according to the power train configuration.
   4. Identify the major components in a torque converter and explain their purpose.
   5. Describe the design and operation of the hydraulic controls used in modern transmissions.
   6. Identify the major apply components in an automatic transmission.
   7. Identify the components in a basic planetary gear set and describe their operation.
   8. Describe the purpose and operation of common friction and reaction members.
   9. Describe the operational characteristics of a continuously variable transmission (CVT).
   10. Describe the operational characteristics of a hybrid vehicle drive train.
7. Off-Vehicle Automatic Transmission/Transaxle Repair.
   1. Remove and reinstall transmission/transaxle and torque converter.
   2. Perform inspection and bench testing of torque convertors.
   3. Disassemble, clean, and inspect transmission/transaxle.
   4. Inspect, measure, clean, and replace valve body (includes surfaces, bores, springs, valves, sleeves, retainers, brackets, check valves/balls, screens, spacers, and gaskets).
   5. Inspect servo and accumulator bores, pistons, seals, pins, springs, and retainers; determine necessary action.
   6. Inspect, measure, and reseal oil pump assembly and components.
   7. Measure transmission/transaxle end play or preload; determine necessary action.
   8. Inspect, measure, and replace thrust washers and bearings.
   9. Inspect oil delivery circuits, including seal rings, ring grooves, and sealing surface areas, feed pipes, orifices, and check valves/balls.
   10. Inspect bushings; determine necessary action.
   11. Inspect and measure planetary gear assembly components; determine necessary action.
   12. Inspect case bores, passages, bushings, vents, and mating surfaces; determine necessary action.
   13. Diagnose and inspect transaxle drive, link chains, sprockets, gears, bearings, and bushings; perform necessary action.
   14. Inspect, measure, repair, adjust or replace transaxle final drive components.
   15. Inspect clutch drum, piston, check-balls, springs, retainers, seals, and friction and pressure plates, bands and drums; determine necessary action.
   16. Measure clutch pack clearance; determine necessary action.
   17. Air test operation of clutch and servo assemblies.
   18. Inspect roller and sprag clutch, races, rollers, sprags, springs, cages, retainers; determine necessary action.
   19. Assemble transmission/transaxle.
8. Four-wheel Drive/All-wheel Drive System Operation.
   1. Identify and explain the operation of four-wheel drive systems.
   2. Name the major components of conventional four-wheel-drive systems.
   3. Discuss the purpose and operation of 4WD locking/unlocking mechanisms.
   4. Name the components of a transfer case.
   5. Explain the difference between four-wheel-drive (4WD) and all-wheel-drive (AWD).
   6. Explain the operation of viscous clutches used in all-wheel-drive systems.
9. Four-wheel Drive/All-wheel Drive Component Diagnosis and Repair.
   1. Disassemble, service, and reassemble transfer case and components.

AUT 243 - Adv Automotive Powertrain

1. Demonstrate safe work habits.
   1. Use proper eye protection.
   2. Select proper tools to work in a safe manner.
   3. Demonstrate a concern for the safety of fellow workers.
2. General Drivetrain Diagnosis-Automatic Transmission/Transaxle.
   1. Identify and interpret transmission/transaxle concern, differentiate between engine performance and transmission/transaxle concerns; determine necessary action.
   2. Research applicable vehicle and service information fluid type, vehicle service history, service precautions, and technical service bulletins.
   3. Diagnose fluid loss and condition concerns; determine necessary action.
   4. Check fluid level in a transmission or a transaxle equipped with a dip-stick.
   5. Check fluid level in a transmission or a transaxle not equipped with a dip-stick.
   6. Perform pressure tests (including transmissions/transaxles equipped with electronic pressure control); determine necessary action.
   7. Diagnose noise and vibration concerns; determine necessary action.
   8. Perform stall test; determine necessary action.
   9. Perform lock-up converter system tests; determine necessary action.
   10. Diagnose electronic transmission/transaxle control systems using appropriate test equipment and service information.
   11. Diagnose pressure concerns in a transmission using hydraulic principles (Pascal’s Law).
3. In-Vehicle Automatic Transmission/Transaxle Maintenance and Repair.
   1. Inspect, adjust, and replace external manual valve shift linkage, transmission range sensor/switch, and park/neutral position switch.
   2. Inspect for leakage; replace external seals, gaskets, and bushings.
   3. Inspect, test, adjust, repair, or replace electrical/electronic components and circuits including computers, solenoids, sensors, relays, terminals, connectors, switches, and harnesses.
   4. Inspect, replace and align powertrain mounts.
4. Transmission and Transaxle Repair.
   1. Remove and reinstall transmission/transaxle and torque converter; inspect engine core plugs, rear crankshaft seal, dowel pins, dowel pin holes, and mating surfaces.
   2. Inspect, leak test, and flush or replace transmission/transaxle oil cooler, lines, and fittings.
   3. Inspect converter flex (drive) plate, converter attaching bolts, converter pilot, converter pump drive surfaces, converter end play, and crankshaft pilot bore.
   4. Remove and repair automatic transmission/transaxle as needed.
5. Manual Drivetrain and Axle General Diagnosis.
   1. Identify and interpret drive train concerns; determine necessary action.
   2. Research applicable vehicle and service information, fluid type, vehicle service history, service precautions, and technical service bulletins.
   3. Check fluid condition; check for leaks; determine necessary action.
   4. Drain and refill manual transmission/transaxle and final drive unit.
6. Clutch Diagnosis and Repair.
   1. Diagnose clutch noise, binding, slippage, pulsation, and chatter; determine necessary action.
   2. Inspect clutch pedal linkage, cables, automatic adjuster mechanisms, brackets, bushings, pivots, and springs; perform necessary action.
   3. Inspect and replace clutch pressure plate assembly, clutch disc, release (throw-out) bearing and linkage, and pilot bearing/bushing (as applicable).
   4. Bleed clutch hydraulic system.
   5. Check and adjust clutch master cylinder fluid level; check for leaks.
   6. Inspect flywheel and ring gear for wear and cracks; determine necessary action.
   7. Measure flywheel runout and crankshaft end play; determine necessary action.
7. Manual Transmission/Transaxle Diagnosis and Repair.
   1. Inspect, adjust, and reinstall shift linkages, brackets, bushings, cables, pivots, and levers.
   2. Describe the operational characteristics of an electronically-controlled manual transmission/transaxle.
   3. Diagnose noise concerns through the application of transmission/transaxle power flow principles.
   4. Diagnose hard shifting and jumping out of gear concerns; determine necessary action.
   5. Diagnose transaxle final drive assembly noise and vibration concerns; determine necessary action.
   6. Remove and repair manual transmission/transaxle as needed.
8. Constant Velocity Shaft /Drive Shaft and Universal Joint Service.
   1. Identify types of constant velocity (CV) joints and explain their operation.
   2. Identify types of universal joints and explain their operation.
   3. Diagnose constant-velocity (CV) joint noise and vibration concerns; determine necessary action.
   4. Diagnose universal joint noise and vibration concerns; perform necessary action.
   5. Inspect, service, and replace shaft center support bearings.
   6. Inspect, service, and replace shafts, yokes, boots, and universal/CV joints.
   7. Check shaft balance and phasing; measure shaft runout; measure and adjust driveline angles.
9. Ring and Pinion Gears and Differential Case Diagnosis and Repair.
   1. Diagnose noise and vibration concerns; determine necessary action.
   2. Inspect and replace companion flange and pinion seal; measure companion flange runout.
   3. Inspect ring gear and measure runout; determine necessary action.
   4. Remove, inspect, and reinstall drive pinion and ring gear, spacers, sleeves, and bearings.
   5. Measure and adjust drive pinion depth.
   6. Measure and adjust drive pinion bearing preload.
   7. Measure and adjust side bearing preload and ring and pinion gear total backlash and backlash variation on a differential carrier assembly (threaded cup or shim types).
   8. Check ring and pinion tooth contact patterns; perform necessary action.
   9. Disassemble, inspect, measure, and adjust or replace differential pinion gears (spiders), shaft, side gears, side bearings, thrust washers, and case.
   10. Reassemble and reinstall differential case assembly; measure runout; determine necessary action.
   11. Diagnose limited slip differential noise, slippage, and chatter concerns; determine necessary action.
   12. Measure limited slip differential rotating torque; determine necessary action.
   13. Inspect and replace drive axle wheel studs.
   14. Remove and replace drive axle shafts.
   15. Inspect and replace drive axle shaft seals, bearings, and retainers.
   16. Measure drive axle flange runout and shaft end play; determine necessary action.
   17. Diagnose drive axle shafts, bearings, and seals for noise, vibration, and fluid leakage concerns; determine necessary action.
10. Four-wheel Drive/All-wheel Drive Component Diagnosis and Repair.
    1. Inspect, adjust, and repair shifting controls (mechanical, electrical, and vacuum), bushings, mounts, levers, and brackets.
    2. Inspect front-wheel bearings and locking hubs; perform necessary action(s).
    3. Check for leaks at drive assembly seals; check vents; check lube level.
    4. Identify concerns related to variations in tire circumference and/or final drive ratios.
    5. Diagnose noise, vibration, and unusual steering concerns; determine necessary action.
    6. Diagnose, test, adjust, and replace electrical/electronic components of four-wheel drive systems.
    7. Remove and repair transfer case as needed.

AUT 404 - Basic Suspension & Steering

1. Perform proper shop safety procedures.
   1. Apply work area safety skills.
   2. Demonstrate safe personal working habits.
   3. Practice safe tool and equipment usage.
   4. Follow manufacturer and government warnings and regulations and repair procedures.
2. Discuss characteristics of vehicle handling.
3. Demonstrate an understanding of suspension systems.
   1. Identify front suspension system design and nomenclature.
   2. Identify rear suspension system design and nomenclature
   3. Explain the importance of correct curb height.
   4. Discuss design and operation of shock absorbers.
   5. Determine diagnostic procedure used to evaluate shock absorber serviceability.
   6. Discuss Electronic Level and Ride Control Systems.
4. Suspension Systems Diagnosis and Repair.
   1. Research applicable vehicle and service information, vehicle service history, service precautions, and technical service bulletins.
   2. Identify and interpret suspension and steering system concerns; determine necessary action.
   3. Diagnose short and long arm suspension system noises, body sway, and uneven ride height concerns; determine necessary action.
   4. Diagnose strut suspension system noises, body sway, and uneven ride height concerns; determine necessary action.
   5. Inspect, remove and install front suspension system components using correct tools and procedures.
   6. Inspect, remove and install rear suspension system components using correct tools and procedures.
5. Steering system design and operation.
   1. Identify types of steering systems.
   2. Identify steering linkage component nomenclature.
   3. Discuss power steering hydraulic theory.
   4. Determine power steering systems component nomenclature.
6. Steering System Diagnosis and Repair.
   1. Diagnose steering column noises, looseness, and binding concerns (including tilt mechanisms); determine necessary action.
   2. Diagnose power steering gear (rack and pinion/non-rack and pinion) binding, uneven turning effort, looseness, hard steering, and noise concerns; determine necessary action.
   3. Evaluate steering system linkage; determine necessary action.
7. Discuss Suspension and Steering System Alignment Angles.
   1. Explain operation and purpose of caster angle.
   2. Explain operation and purpose of camber angle.
   3. Explain operation and purpose of steering axis inclination angle.
   4. Explain operation and purpose of the turning radius angle.
   5. Explain operation and purpose of toe angle.
   6. Differentiate between alignment types.
   7. Discuss typical alignment adjustment procedures.
   8. Discuss alignment related handling concerns.
   9. Discuss non-alignment related handling concerns.
8. Wheel Alignment Diagnosis, Adjustment, and Repair.
   1. Diagnose vehicle wander, drift, pull, hard steering, bump steer, memory steer, torque steer, and steering return concerns; determine necessary action.
   2. Perform pre-alignment inspection and measure vehicle ride height; perform necessary action.
   3. Prepare vehicle for wheel alignment on alignment machine; perform four-wheel alignment by checking and adjusting front and rear wheel caster, camber and toe as required; center steering wheel.
   4. Check toe-out-on-turns (turning radius); determine necessary action.
   5. Check SAI (steering axis inclination) and included angle; determine necessary action.
   6. Check rear wheel thrust angle; determine necessary action.
   7. Check for front wheel setback; determine necessary action.
9. Wheels and Tires Diagnosis and Repair.
   1. Inspect tire condition; identify tire wear patterns; check for correct tire size and application (load and speed ratings) and adjust air pressure; determine necessary action.
   2. Diagnose wheel/tire vibration, shimmy, and noise; determine necessary action.
   3. Diagnose tire pull problems; determine necessary action.

AUT 524 - Auto Brake Systems & Service

1. Perform proper shop safety procedures.
   1. Apply work area safety skills.
   2. Demonstrate safe personal working habits.
   3. Practice safe tool and equipment usage.
   4. Follow manufacturer and government warnings and regulations and repair procedures.
   5. Acknowledge liability involved with brake repair.
2. Explain principles involved with brake system operation.
   1. Analyze vehicle braking requirements.
   2. Discuss math and science principals involved in stopping a vehicle.
   3. Demonstrate an understanding of friction principles.
   4. Describe hydraulic theory and how it applies to base brake systems.
   5. Describe relationship between atmospheric pressure and vacuum.
3. Examine base brake sub-system.
   1. Discuss master cylinder operation.
   2. Discuss brake booster operation (vacuum and hydraulic).
   3. Discuss drum brake systems design and operation.
   4. Discuss disc brake system design and operation.
   5. Examine brake balance control systems.
   6. Discuss the purpose and operation of ABS.
4. Hydraulic System Diagnosis and Repair.
   1. Diagnose pressure concerns in the brake system using hydraulic principles (Pascal?s Law).
   2. Measure brake pedal height, travel, and free play (as applicable); determine necessary action.
   3. Check master cylinder for internal/external leaks and proper operation; determine necessary action.
   4. Remove, bench bleed, and reinstall master cylinder.
   5. Inspect, remove, and install hydraulic brake system components.
   6. Fabricate and install brake lines.
   7. Select, handle, store, and fill brake fluids to proper level.
   8. Bleed and/or flush brake system.
   9. Test brake fluid for contamination; determine necessary action.
5. Drum Brake Diagnosis and Repair.
   1. Diagnose poor stopping, noise, vibration, pulling, grabbing, dragging or pedal pulsation concerns; determine necessary action.
   2. Remove, clean, inspect, and measure brake drum diameter; determine necessary action.
   3. Refinish brake drum and measure final drum diameter; compare with specifications.
   4. Remove, clean, and inspect brake shoes, springs, pins, clips, levers, adjusters/self-adjusters, other related brake hardware, and backing support plates; lubricate and reassemble.
   5. Inspect wheel cylinders for leaks and proper operation; remove and replace as needed.
   6. Pre-adjust brake shoes and parking brake; install brake drums or drum/hub assemblies and wheel bearings; perform final checks and adjustments.
6. Disc Brake Diagnosis and Repair.
   1. Diagnose poor stopping, noise, vibration, pulling, grabbing, dragging, or pulsation concerns; determine necessary action.
   2. Remove and clean caliper assembly; inspect for leaks and damage/wear to caliper housing; determine necessary action.
   3. Clean and inspect caliper mounting and slides/pins for proper operation, wear, and damage; determine necessary action.
   4. Remove, inspect, and replace pads and retaining hardware; determine necessary action.
   5. Lubricate and reinstall caliper, pads, and related hardware; seat pads and inspect for leaks.
   6. Clean and inspect rotor; measure rotor thickness, thickness variation, and lateral runout; determine necessary action.
   7. Remove and reinstall rotor.
   8. Refinish rotor off vehicle; measure final rotor thickness and compare with specifications.
   9. Retract and re-adjust caliper piston on an integrated parking brake system.
   10. Check brake pad wear indicator; determine necessary action.
   11. Describe importance of operating vehicle to burnish/break-in replacement brake pads according to manufacturer’s recommendations.
7. Miscellaneous (Wheel Bearings, Parking Brakes, Electrical, Etc.) Diagnosis and Repair.
   1. Diagnose wheel bearing noises, wheel shimmy, and vibration concerns; determine necessary action.
   2. Remove, clean, inspect, repack, and install wheel bearings; replace seals; install hub and adjust bearings.
   3. Check parking brake cables and components for wear, binding, and corrosion; clean, lubricate, adjust or replace as needed.
   4. Check parking brake operation and parking brake indicator light system operation; determine necessary action.
   5. Check operation of brake stop light system.
   6. Replace wheel bearing and race.
   7. Remove and reinstall sealed wheel bearing assembly.
   8. Inspect and replace wheel studs.

AUT 535 - Adv Auto Brakes & Alignment

1. Perform proper shop safety procedures.
   1. Apply work area safety skills.
   2. Demonstrate safe personal working habits.
   3. Practice safe tool and equipment usage.
   4. Follow manufacturer and government warnings and regulations and repair procedures.
2. General: Suspension, Steering and Brakes Systems.
   1. Research applicable vehicle and service information, vehicle service history, service precautions, and technical service bulletins.
   2. Identify and interpret brake, suspension, and steering system concerns; determine necessary action.
   3. Describe procedure for performing a road test to check brake system operation; including an anti-lock brake system (ABS).
3. Suspension Systems Diagnosis and Repair.
   1. Identify and interpret suspension and steering system concerns; determine necessary action.
   2. Diagnose short and long arm suspension system noises, body sway, and uneven ride height concerns; determine necessary action.
   3. Diagnose strut suspension system noises, body sway, and uneven ride height concerns; determine necessary action.
   4. Inspect, remove and install front suspension system components using correct tools and procedures.
   5. Inspect, remove and install rear suspension system components using correct tools and procedures.
   6. Diagnose ELC system concerns; determine necessary action.
4. Steering System Diagnosis and Repair.
   1. Inspect steering shaft universal-joint(s), flexible coupling(s), collapsible column, lock cylinder mechanism, and steering wheel; perform necessary action.
   2. Diagnose power steering gear (rack and pinion/non-rack and pinion) binding, uneven turning effort, looseness, hard steering, and noise concerns; determine necessary action.
   3. Evaluate steering system linkage; determine necessary action.
   4. Evaluate power steering system operation; determine necessary action.
   5. Flush, fill, and bleed power steering system.
   6. Test and diagnose components of electronically-controlled steering systems using a scan tool; determine necessary action.
   7. Identify hybrid vehicle power steering system electrical circuits and safety precautions.
   8. Inspect electric power-assisted steering.
5. Wheel Alignment Diagnosis, Adjustment, and Repair.
   1. Diagnose vehicle wander, drift, pull, hard steering, bump steer, memory steer, torque steer, and steering return concerns; determine necessary action.
   2. Perform pre-alignment inspection and measure vehicle ride height; perform necessary action.
   3. Prepare vehicle for wheel alignment on alignment machine; perform four-wheel alignment by checking and adjusting front and rear wheel caster, camber and toe as required; center steering wheel.
   4. Check toe-out-on-turns (turning radius); determine necessary action.
   5. Check SAI (steering axis inclination) and included angle; determine necessary action.
   6. Check rear wheel thrust angle; determine necessary action.
   7. Check for front wheel setback; determine necessary action.
   8. Check front and/or rear cradle (sub-frame) alignment; determine necessary action.
   9. Reset steering angle sensor.
6. Wheels and Tires Diagnosis and Repair.
   1. Inspect tire condition; identify tire wear patterns; check for correct tire size and application (load and speed ratings) and adjust air pressure; determine necessary action.
   2. Diagnose wheel/tire vibration, shimmy, and noise; determine necessary action.
   3. Measure wheel, tire, axle flange, and hub runout; determine necessary action.
   4. Diagnose tire pull problems; determine necessary action.
   5. Dismount, inspect, and remount tire on wheel equipped with tire pressure monitoring system sensor.
   6. Identify and test tire pressure monitoring system (indirect and direct) for operation; calibrate system; verify operation of instrument panel lamps.
7. Brake Hydraulic System Diagnosis and Repair.
   1. Remove, bench bleed, and reinstall master cylinder.
   2. Inspect, remove, clean, and repair/install hydraulic brake system components including the fabrication and installation of brake lines as needed.
   3. Select, handle, store, and fill brake fluids to proper level.
   4. Bleed and/or flush brake system.
   5. Test brake fluid for contamination; determine necessary action.
8. Drum Brake Diagnosis and Repair.
   1. Diagnose poor stopping, noise, vibration, pulling, grabbing, dragging or pedal pulsation concerns; determine necessary action.
   2. Remove, clean, inspect, and repair drum brake assemblies as needed.
   3. Refinish brake drum and measure final drum diameter; compare with specifications; as needed.
   4. Describe importance of operating vehicle to burnish/break-in replacement brake pads according to manufacturer?s recommendations.
9. Disc Brake Diagnosis and Repair.
   1. Diagnose poor stopping, noise, vibration, pulling, grabbing, dragging, or pulsation concerns; determine necessary action.
   2. Remove, clean, inspect, and repair front disc brake assemblies as needed.
   3. Remove, clean, inspect, and repair rear disc brake assemblies as needed.
   4. Refinish rotor on vehicle; measure final rotor thickness and compare with specifications.
   5. Check brake pad wear indicator; determine necessary action.
   6. Describe importance of operating vehicle to burnish/break-in replacement brake pads according to manufacturer’s recommendations.
10. Power-Assist Units Diagnosis and Repair.
    1. Check vacuum supply (manifold or auxiliary pump) to vacuum-type power booster.
    2. Inspect vacuum-type power booster unit for leaks; inspect the check-valve for proper operation; determine necessary action.
    3. Inspect and test hydraulically-assisted power brake system for leaks and proper operation; determine necessary action.
    4. Measure and/or adjust master cylinder pushrod length; determine necessary action.
11. Miscellaneous (Wheel Bearings, Parking Brakes, Electrical, Etc.) Diagnosis and Repair.
    1. Diagnose wheel bearing noises, wheel shimmy, and vibration concerns; determine necessary action.
    2. Inspect and repair wheel bearing assemblies as needed.
    3. Check parking brake cables and components for wear, binding, and corrosion; clean, lubricate, adjust or replace as needed.
    4. Check parking brake operation and parking brake indicator light system operation; determine necessary action.
    5. Identify components of brake warning light system.
    6. Inspect, test, and/or replace components of brake warning light system.
    7. Check operation of brake stop light system.
12. Electronic Brake, Traction and Stability Control Systems Diagnosis and Repair.
    1. Identify and inspect electronic brake control system components; determine necessary action.
    2. Identify traction control/vehicle stability control system components.
    3. Describe the operation of a regenerative braking system.
    4. Diagnose electronic brake control system electronic control(s) and components by retrieving diagnostic trouble codes, and/or using recommended test equipment; determine necessary action.
    5. Bleed the electronic brake control system hydraulic circuits.
    6. Test, diagnose, and service electronic brake control system speed sensors (digital and analog), toothed ring (tone wheel), and circuits using a graphing multi-meter (GMM)/digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) (includes output signal, resistance, shorts to voltage/ground, and frequency data).
    7. Diagnose electronic brake control system braking concerns caused by vehicle modifications (tire size, curb height, final drive ratio, etc.).

AUT 601 - Auto Electrical I

1. Identify basic principles of electricity.
   1. Define voltage.
   2. Describe amperage.
   3. Discuss resistance.
   4. Describe theories of current flow.
   5. State principles of current production by magnetic induction.
2. Evaluate circuits.
   1. Practice the use of Ohm?s Law for series, parallel, and series-parallel circuits.
   2. Compute voltage drops.
   3. Calculate resistance.
   4. Calculate current.
   5. Compute wattage.
3. Explain Basic Electrical Circuits.
   1. Assemble a series circuit.
   2. Create a parallel circuit.
   3. Build a series parallel circuit.
4. Perform Electrical Checks Using Test Equipment.
   1. Demonstrate voltmeter use for source voltage and voltage drops.
   2. Measure current with an ammeter.
   3. Check resistance with an ohmmeter.
   4. Measure frequency.
   5. Check duty cycle.
   6. Use DMM min/max functions.
   7. Check electrical circuits with a test lamp.
   8. Use fused jumper wires.
   9. Inspect and test fusible link, circuit breakers, and fuses; determine necessary action.
5. Evaluate semiconductors.
   1. Explain diode operation.
   2. List diode applications.
   3. Discuss transistor operation.
   4. Describe capacitor operation.
   5. Measure semiconductor circuits.
6. Analyze charging systems.
   1. Explain voltage rectification.
   2. Discuss voltage regulation.
   3. Describe three phase current generation.
7. Evaluate charging systems.
   1. Inspect, adjust, or replace generator (alternator) drive belts; check pulleys and tensioners for wear; check pulley and belt alignment.
   2. Perform charging system voltage drop tests; determine necessary action.
   3. Perform charging system output test; determine necessary action.
   4. Diagnose under or over charge conditions; determine necessary action.
   5. Demonstrate removal, inspection and re- installation of an alternator.
8. Analyze batteries.
   1. Practice battery safety.
   2. Outline battery construction.
   3. Discuss maintenance-free batteries.
   4. Explain battery operation.
9. Evaluate batteries.
   1. Test battery state of charge; determine necessary action.
   2. Confirm proper battery capacity for vehicle application; perform battery capacity test.
   3. Perform battery conductance testing; determine necessary action.
   4. Perform slow and fast battery charge according to manufacturer’s recommendations.
   5. Inspect and clean battery; fill battery cells; check battery cables, connectors, clamps, and hold-downs.
   6. Perform battery replacement.
   7. Measure key-off parasitic current drain; determine necessary action.
   8. Identify electronic modules, security systems, radios, and other accessories that require re-initialization or code entry after reconnecting vehicle battery.
   9. Maintain or restore electronic memory functions.
   10. Jump-start vehicle using jumper cables and a booster battery or an auxiliary power supply.
10. Analyze cranking motors.
    1. Describe starting system operation.
    2. Identify starting system components.
    3. Discuss different motor control systems.
11. Evaluate starting systems.
    1. Discuss mechanical and electrical no crank conditions.
    2. Inspect and test starter relays and solenoids.
    3. Perform starter current draw test; determine necessary action.
    4. Perform starter circuit voltage drop test; determine necessary action.
    5. Perform a starter no load test; determine necessary repairs.
    6. Demonstrate removal and installation of a starter in a vehicle.
    7. Inspect and test switches, connectors, and wires of starter control circuits; determine necessary action.
12. Examine wire repair techniques.
    1. Perform solder repair of electrical wiring.
    2. Demonstrate replacement of electrical connectors and terminal ends.
13. Interpret electrical service information.
    1. Read wiring diagrams.
    2. Use component locator charts.
    3. Identify terminal and connector cavities.
    4. Use wiring diagrams to trace electrical/electronic circuits.

AUT 612 - Auto Electrical II

1. Examine Electrical Circuits.
   1. Describe interior and exterior lighting component operation.
   2. Inspect interior and exterior lamps and sockets including headlights and auxiliary lights (fog lights/driving lights); replace as needed.
   3. Perform aiming of headlights following vehicle manufacturer’s recommended procedures.
   4. Identify system voltage and safety precautions associated with high-intensity discharge headlights.
   5. Discuss power windows and locks operation.
   6. Perform removal and reinstall of door panels while servicing window and lock components.
   7. Describe the operation of keyless entry/remote-start systems.
   8. Discuss instrumentation, warning indicators, and audible warnings.
   9. Verify operation of instrument panel gauges and warning/indicator lights; reset maintenance indicators.
   10. Examine windshield wiper and washer systems.
   11. Verify windshield wiper and washer operation; replace wiper blades.
2. Practice Safety Procedures.
   1. Discuss hybrid high voltage systems.
   2. Identify hybrid vehicle auxiliary (12v) battery service, repair, and test procedures.
   3. Identify high-voltage circuits of electric or hybrid electric vehicle and related safety precautions.
   4. Explain active and passive restraint systems.
   5. Perform disabling and enabling of airbag systems for vehicle service; verify indicator lamp operation.
3. Assess Electrical Faults.
   1. Perform system functional check.
   2. Use principles of electricity for diagnostic strategy.
   3. Use wiring diagrams as a diagnostic resource.
   4. Demonstrate knowledge of the causes and effects from shorts, grounds, opens, and resistance problems in electrical/electronic circuits.
   5. Make digital multimeter measurements during electrical diagnosis.
   6. Inspect and test switches, connectors, and solid state devices.
   7. Locate shorts, opens, and hi resistance in circuits.
   8. Determine necessary repairs.
4. Examine Engine Performance and Emission Control.
   1. Define hydrocarbon emissions.
   2. Explain carbon monoxide emissions.
   3. Discuss oxides of nitrogen emissions.
   4. Explain carbon dioxide emissions.
   5. Discuss oxygen emissions.
   6. Describe state and federal emission laws.
5. Assess emission control devices.
   1. Discuss catalytic converter operation.
   2. Describe positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) systems.
   3. Explain the principles of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR).
   4. Examine evaporative emission control.
   5. Define secondary air injection.
6. Evaluate emission control systems.
   1. Test catalytic converter efficiency and exhaust system integrity.
   2. Perform engine absolute (vacuum/boost) manifold pressure tests; determine necessary action.
   3. Measure exhaust back-pressure; determine necessary repairs.
   4. Inspect, test, and service positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) filter/breather cap, valve, tubes, orifices, and hoses; perform necessary action.
   5. Inspect and test EGR systems; determine necessary repairs.
   6. Inspect and test evaporative emission components for leaks and operation; determine necessary repairs.
   7. Inspect and test secondary air injection system operation; determine necessary repairs.
7. Examine electronic engine control terminology.
   1. Describe government standards for engine performance.
   2. Explain SAE acronyms.
   3. Describe OBD2 diagnostic monitors.
   4. Discuss enabling criteria.
   5. Define an OBD trip or drive cycle.
   6. Explain the function of onboard engine computers.
   7. Interpret generic and manufacturer-specific diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs).
   8. Discuss type A, B, C, and D DTCs.
   9. Explain freeze frame data.
   10. Discuss malfunction indicated lamp (MIL) operation.
   11. Retrieve and record diagnostic trouble codes, OBD monitor status, and freeze frame data; clear codes when applicable.
   12. Describe the importance of operating all OBDII monitors for repair verification.
8. Evaluate ignition system operation.
   1. Identify primary and secondary component operation.
   2. Explain ignition timing theory.
   3. Examine crank and cam sensors.
   4. Discuss ignition system computer interface.
   5. Perform cylinder power balance test; determine necessary action.
   6. Remove and replace spark plugs; inspect secondary ignition components for wear and damage.

AUT 615 - Auto Electricity/Electronics

1. Describe basic principles of electricity
   1. Define voltage
   2. Describe amperage
   3. Discuss resistance
   4. Describe theories of current flow.
   5. State principles of current production by magnetic induction.
2. Evaluate circuits
   1. Calculate voltage drops
   2. Figure resistance.
   3. Calculate current
   4. Figure wattage.
3. Construct basic circuits.
   1. Assemble a series circuit
   2. Create a parallel circuit
   3. Build a series-parallel circuit
4. Perform electrical checks using test equipment
   1. Demonstrate voltmeter use.
   2. Measure current with an ammeter
   3. Check resistance with an ohmmeter
   4. Measure frequency
   5. Check duty cycle
   6. Use DMM min/max functions
   7. Check electrical circuits with a test lamp
   8. Use fused jumper wires
5. Evaluate semiconductors
   1. Explain diode operation
   2. List diode applications
   3. Discuss transistor operation
   4. Describe capacitor operation
   5. Measure semiconductor circuits
6. Analyze charging systems
   1. Explain voltage rectification
   2. Discuss voltage regulation
   3. Describe three phase current generation
7. Evaluate charging systems.
   1. Inspect vehicle for proper belt/pulley alignment and belt tension.
   2. Perform charging system voltage drop tests
   3. Check for proper charging rate on a vehicle
   4. Diagnose under or over charge conditions
   5. Determine necessary action
8. Analyze batteries
   1. Practice battery safety
   2. Outline battery construction
   3. Discuss maintenance-free batteries
   4. Explain battery operation
9. Evaluate batteries
   1. Test battery state of charge.
   2. Inspect and load test a battery
   3. Perform battery conductance testing
   4. Perform slow and fast battery charge.
   5. Clean connections and service a battery in a vehicle.
   6. Replace a battery.
   7. Measure parasitic current drain and determine the cause of excessive parasitic current drain. 
   8. Discuss memory loss and reinitialization after battery disconnect.
   9. Determine necessary action
   10. Perform vehicle jump starting using jumper cables and booster battery (vehicle) or jumper (booster) pack. 
10. Analyze cranking motors
    1. Describe starting system operation
    2. Identify starting system components
    3. Discuss different motor control systems
11. Evaluate starting systems
    1. Discuss mechanical and electrical no crank conditions.
    2. Check motor control relays and solenoids
    3. Test vehicle cranking current
    4. Perform starter circuit voltage drop test
    5. Perform a starter no load test
    6. Determine necessary repairs
    7. Inspect and test starting system switches and wiring
    8. Determine necessary action
12. Demonstrate wire repair techniques
    1. Reattach broken wires with solder
    2. Replace damaged terminals and connectors
13. Interpret electrical service information
    1. Read wiring diagrams.
    2. Use component locator charts
    3. Identify terminal and connector cavities
14. Diagnose electrical faults
    1. Perform system functional check
    2. Use principles of electricity for diagnostic strategy.
    3. Use wiring diagrams as a diagnostic resource.
    4. Make digital multimeter measurements during electrical diagnosis.
    5. Inspect and test fuses, fusible links, and circuit breakers.
    6. Inspect and test switches, connectors, and solid state devices.
    7. Locate shorts, opens, and hi resistance in circuits.
    8. Determine necessary repairs

AUT 652 - Adv Automotive Electricity

1. Perform electrical checks using test equipment.
   1. Demonstrate voltmeter use.
   2. Measure current with an ammeter.
   3. Check resistance with an ohmmeter.
   4. check electrical circuits with a test lamp.
   5. Use fused jumper wires.
2. Analyze microprocessor operation.
   1. List types of memory.
   2. Explain digital signals.
   3. Describe multiple processor communication protocols.
   4. Recognize analog inputs.
   5. Summarize digital outputs.
   6. Identify sources of EMI/RFI.
3. Identify microprocessor controlled systems.
   1. Examine processor controlled charging systems.
   2. Recognize processor controlled starter circuits.
   3. Identify processor controlled lighting circuits.
   4. Examine processor controlled power windows and locks.
4. Interpret electrical service information.
   1. Perform a system functional check.
   2. Use principles of electricity for a diagnostic strategy.
   3. Incorporate wiring diagrams as a diagnostic resource.
   4. Use component locator charts.
   5. Locate terminal and connector cavity views.
   6. Interpret circuit description and operation.
   7. Look up power distribution.
   8. Trace ground distribution.
   9. Follow diagnostic flow charts.
   10. Make digital multimeter measurements during electrical diagnosis.
   11. Inspect and test fuses, fusible links, and circuit breakers.
   12. Inspect and test switches, connectors, and solid state devices.
   13. Locate shorts, opens, and hi resistance in circuits.
   14. Determine necessary repairs.
5. Diagnose and service vehicle lighting systems.
   1. Diagnose the cause of improper headlamp circuit operation.
   2. Inspect, replace and aim headlamps and bulbs.
   3. Diagnose incorrect turn/hazard lamp operation.
   4. Discuss high intensity discharge headlamp operation.
   5. Check operation of brake lamp system.
   6. Determine necessary action.
6. Diagnose and service vehicle motor-driven circuits.
   1. Diagnose the cause of improper wiper/washer operation.
   2. Inspect and test blower motors and controls.
   3. Inspect and test electric cooling fan circuits.
   4. Troubleshoot power window faults.
   5. Diagnose power door lock faults.
   6. Remove and reinstall an inner door panel.
   7. Diagnose/operate body circuits with a scan tool.
   8. Check for module communication errors with a scan tool.
   9. Determine necessary action.
7. Diagnose and service assorted circuits.
   1. Inspect and test instrument panel gauge and warning indicator circuits.
   2. Inspect and test gauge and warning indicator sending units and related wiring circuits.
   3. Inspect and test digital instrument cluster circuits.
   4. Diagnose incorrect horn operation.
   5. Inspect and test theft deterrent circuits.
   6. Disarm and enable the airbag system for vehicle service.
   7. Determine necessary action.

AUT 704 - Auto Heating & AC

1. Perform proper shop safety procedures.
   1. Apply work area safety skills.
   2. Demonstrate safe personal working habits.
   3. Practice safe tool and equipment usage.
   4. Follow manufacturer’s repair procedures.
   5. Follow manufacturer and government warnings and regulations.
2. Demonstrate knowledge of refrigeration principles.
   1. Explain laws governing heat and temperature.
   2. Discuss the history of air conditioning.
   3. Identify the refrigeration circuit.
3. Demonstrate an understanding of laws concerning CFCs and HFCs.
   1. Describe the effects of the Montreal Protocol.
   2. Explain the Federal Clean Air Act.
   3. Compare various refrigerants by automotive manufacturers.
   4. Complete a test for CFC recovery.
   5. Understand the SAE standards that apply to air conditioning.
   6. Operate refrigerant recovery and recycling equipment according to Federal laws.
4. Air conditioning system diagnosis and repair.
   1. Identify and interpret heating and air conditioning problems; determine necessary action.
   2. Research applicable vehicle and service information, vehicle service history, service precautions, and technical service bulletins.
   3. Performance test A/C system; determine necessary action.
   4. Identify abnormal operating noises in the A/C system; determine necessary action.
   5. Identify refrigerant type; select and connect proper gauge set; record temperature and pressure readings.
   6. Leak test A/C system; determine necessary action.
   7. Inspect condition of refrigerant oil removed from A/C system; determine necessary action.
   8. Determine recommended oil and oil capacity for system application.
   9. Using a scan tool, observe and record related HVAC data and trouble codes.
5. Refrigerant System Component Diagnosis and Repair.
   1. Inspect and replace A/C compressor drive belts, pulleys, and tensioners; determine necessary action.
   2. Inspect, test, service or replace A/C compressor clutch components and/or assembly; check compressor clutch air gap; adjust as needed.
   3. Remove, inspect, and reinstall A/C compressor and mountings; determine recommended oil quantity.
   4. Identify hybrid vehicle A/C system electrical circuits and service/safety precautions.
   5. Determine need for an additional A/C system filter; perform necessary action.
   6. Remove and inspect A/C system mufflers, hoses, lines, fittings, O-rings, seals, and service valves; perform necessary action.
   7. Inspect A/C condenser for airflow restrictions; perform necessary action.
   8. Remove, inspect, and reinstall receiver/drier or accumulator/drier; determine recommended oil quantity.
   9. Remove, inspect, and install expansion valve or orifice (expansion) tube.
   10. Inspect evaporator housing water drain; perform necessary action.
   11. Diagnose A/C system conditions that cause the protection devices (pressure, thermal, and PCM) to interrupt system operation; determine necessary action.
   12. Determine procedure to Remove and reinstall evaporator; determine required oil quantity.
   13. Remove, inspect, and reinstall condenser; determine required oil quantity.
6. Heating, Ventilation, and Engine Cooling Systems Diagnosis and Repair.
   1. Inspect engine cooling and heater systems hoses; perform necessary action.
   2. Inspect and test heater control valve(s); perform necessary action.
   3. Diagnose temperature control problems in the heater/ventilation system; determine PCM) to interrupt system operation; determine necessary action.
   4. Determine procedure to remove, inspect, and reinstall heater core.
   5. Check operation of electrical and mechanical cooling fans.
7. Operating Systems and Related Controls Diagnosis and Repair.
   1. Inspect and test A/C-heater blower motors, resistors, switches, relays, wiring, and protection devices; perform necessary action.
   2. Diagnose A/C compressor clutch control systems; determine necessary action.
   3. Diagnose malfunctions in the vacuum, mechanical, and electrical components and controls of the heating, ventilation, and A/C (HVAC) system; determine necessary action.
   4. Inspect and test A/C-heater control panel assembly; determine necessary action.
   5. Inspect and test A/C-heater control cables, motors, and linkages; perform necessary action.
   6. Inspect A/C-heater ducts, doors, hoses, cabin filters, and outlets; perform necessary action.
   7. Identify the source of A/C system odors.
   8. Check operation of automatic or semi-automatic heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) control systems; determine necessary action.
8. Refrigerant Recovery, Recycling, and Handling.
   1. Perform correct use and maintenance of refrigerant handling equipment according to equipment manufacturer’s standards.
   2. Identify and recover A/C system refrigerant.
   3. Recycle, label and store refrigerant.
   4. Evacuate and charge A/C system; add refrigerant oil as required.

AUT 823 - Advanced Automotive Tune-up

1. Check general engine condition.
   1. Complete repair order to include customer concern, cause, and correction.
   2. Research service bulletins.
   3. Check for fluid leaks.
   4. Diagnose abnormal exhaust conditions.
   5. Measure exhaust back pressure.
   6. Test engine vacuum.
   7. Perform compression test.
   8. Perform cylinder leakage test.
   9. Perform power balance test.
   10. Verify correct engine operating temperature.
   11. Adjust valves on appropriate engine.
2. Use an oscilloscope.
   1. Diagnose ignition primary faults.
   2. Diagnose ignition secondary faults.
   3. Interpret input and output waveforms.
3. Use service information to diagnose drivability and emission concerns.
   1. By diagnostic trouble code.
   2. By symptom.
4. Test and repair distributor type ignition systems.
   1. Inspect and test ignition coils.
   2. Inspect and test secondary wires.
   3. Inspect cap and rotor.
   4. Diagnose high resistance ignition faults.
   5. Remove and replace a distributor.
   6. Check and adjust ignition timing.
   7. Perform cam and crank sensor relearn.
   8. Diagnose distributor ignition starting concerns.
   9. Diagnose distributor ignition performance concerns.
   10. Inspect sparks plugs.
   11. Inspect and test crank and cam triggering devices.
   12. Replace ignition system components.
5. Test and repair distributorless ignition systems.
   1. Inspect and test ignition coils.
   2. Inspect and test secondary wires.
   3. diagnose resistance ignition faults.
   4. Diagnose distributorless ignition starting concerns.
   5. Diagnose distributorless ignition performance concerns.
   6. Inspect sparks plugs.
   7. Inspect and test crank and cam triggering devices.
   8. Replace ignition system components.
   9. Perform cam and crank sensor relearn.
6. Diagnose and repair computerized engine controls
   1. Retrieve and record stored diagnostic trouble codes.
   2. Clear trouble codes.
   3. Obtain scan tool data.
   4. Research code information and diagnostic chart.
   5. Check module communication.
   6. Graph input and output data with appropriate equipment.
   7. Check appropriate related OEM and aftermarket systems for drivability or emissions related concern.
   8. Make necessary repairs.
7. Diagnose and repair emission control systems.
   1. Inspect and test positive crankcase ventilation system components.
   2. Inspect and test exhaust gas recirculation system components.
   3. Inspect and test secondary air injection system components.
   4. Inspect and test catalytic converter
   5. Inspect and test evaporative emission systems.
   6. Make necessary repairs.
8. Diagnose and repair fuel and air induction systems.
   1. Check fuel pressure.
   2. Isolate fuel rail.
   3. Clean throttle body.
   4. Inspect and test fuel injectors.
   5. Inspect and test pressure regulator
   6. Check for vacuum leaks.
   7. Inspect for fluid leaks.
   8. Check for fuel contamination.
   9. Diagnose fuel related drivability concerns.
   10. Make necessary repairs.
9. Perform a maintenance tune up.
   1. Research vehicle maintenance schedule.
   2. Perform service per maintenance schedule recommendations.
10. Obtain exhaust gas measurements using 5 gas analyzer.
    1. Identify causes of excessive hydrocarbons.
    2. List causes of excessive carbon monoxide.
    3. Explain causes of excessive oxides of nitrogen.
    4. Identify reasons for improper oxygen levels.
    5. List reasons for improper carbon dioxide levels.
    6. Report on individual state testing requirements.

AUT 834 - Automotive Fuel Systems

1. Perform proper shop safety procedures.
   1. Apply work area safety skills.
   2. Demonstrate safe personal working habits.
   3. Practice safe tool and equipment usage.
   4. Follow manufacturers repair procedures.
   5. Follow manufacturer and government warnings and regulations.
2. Discuss engine requirements for proper combustion.
   1. Identify the four-stroke cycle.
   2. Examine fuel requirements.
   3. Describe ignition characteristics.
3. Describe the basic characteristics of gasoline.
   1. Identify safety issues for fuel handling.
   2. Discuss principles of distillation.
   3. Analyze gasoline composition.
   4. Identify gasoline additives.
   5. Discuss gasoline ratings.
4. Test gasoline.
   1. Demonstrate safe handling procedures for gasoline.
   2. Measure alcohol content.
   3. Check Reid vapor pressure.
   4. Test for contamination.
   5. Measure specific gravity.
5. Identify fuel delivery systems.
   1. Discuss fuel tank construction.
   2. Explain electric fuel pump operation.
   3. Identify fuel line composition.
   4. Describe quick-connect fitting operation.
   5. Explain fuel filter operation.
6. Perform fuel delivery component service.
   1. Remove, inspect, and reinstall a fuel tank.
   2. Test fuel pump pressure and volume.
   3. Replace a fuel pump.
   4. Disconnect fuel fittings using appropriate tools.
   5. Replace a fuel filter.
7. Explain electronic fuel injection operation.
   1. Identify internal combustion engine fuel requirements.
   2. Discuss fuel injection modes of operation.
   3. Describe fuel injector operations.
   4. Explain pressure regulator operation.
   5. Identify fuel injection related inputs.
   6. Discuss types of idle speed control.
   7. Explain throttle body operation.
8. Service electronic fuel injection components.
   1. Demonstrate fuel injector cleaning.
   2. Inspect and test fuel injectors.
   3. Inspect and test fuel pressure regulators.
   4. Remove and reinstall a fuel rail assembly.
   5. Isolate a fuel rail with shutoff valves.
   6. Remove, inspect, and reinstall a throttle body.
   7. Remove, inspect, and reinstall air induction components.
   8. Check for vacuum leaks.
   9. Perform an idle speed control functional test.
   10. Use a scan tool to view data and command outputs.
9. Discuss exhaust and evaporative emissions.
   1. Define hydrocarbon emissions.
   2. Examine carbon monoxide emissions.
   3. Discuss oxides of nitrogen emissions.
   4. Examine carbon dioxide emissions.
   5. Discuss oxygen emissions.
   6. Describe state and federal emission laws.
10. Identify emission control devices.
    1. Discuss catalytic converter operation.
    2. Describe positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) systems.
    3. Explain the principles of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR).
    4. Examine evaporative emission control.
    5. Define secondary air injection.
11. Service emission control systems.
    1. Test catalytic converter efficiency and exhaust system integrity.
    2. Measure exhaust back-pressure.
    3. Perform a PCV functional test.
    4. Inspect and test EGR systems.
    5. Inspect and test evaporative emission components for leaks and operation.
    6. Inspect and test secondary air injection system operation.
    7. Determine necessary repairs.

AUT 842 - Auto Computerized Eng Controls

1. Identify electronic engine control components.
   1. Identify thermistor type sensors.
   2. Identify generator type sensors.
   3. Identify potentiometer type sensors.
   4. Identify pressure sensors.
   5. Identify mass air flow sensors.
   6. Identify hall effect type sensors.
   7. Identify switch type sensors.
2. Identify outputs actuators.
   1. Identify solenoids
   2. Identify relays
   3. Identify motors
   4. Digital driver circuits
3. Identify engine control computer.
4. Identify engine control computer wiring system.
   1. Identify connectors
   2. Identify terminals
   3. Identify wiring circuits by color and location.
5. Identify and describe the operation of fuel system components.
   1. Identify and describe fuel supply lines operation.
   2. Identify and describe fuel filter operation.
   3. Identify and describe fuel pressure regulator operation.
   4. Identify and describe fuel rail operation.
   5. Identify and describe fuel return line operation.
6. Locate engine control components.
   1. Locate input sensors.
   2. Locate output actuators.
   3. Locate engine control computers.
   4. Locate engine control computer wire harness.
7. Explain the operation of the following engine controller inputs
   1. Describe the operation of thermostats.
   2. Describe the operation of generators.
   3. Describe the operation of potentiometers.
   4. Describe the operation of pressure sensors.
   5. Describe the operation of mass air flow sensors.
   6. Describe the operation of hall effect type sensors.
   7. Describe the operation of switch type sensors.
8. Explain the operation of the following engine controller outputs.
   1. Describe the operation of solenoids.
   2. Describe the operation of motors.
   3. Describe the operation of relays.
   4. Describe the operation of digital driver circuits.
9. Inspect engine control components.
   1. Inspect sensors.
   2. Inspect output actuators.
   3. Inspect engine control computer.
   4. Inspect engine control computer wire harness.
10. Replace engine control components.
    1. Replace input sensors.
    2. Replace output actuators.
    3. Replace engine control computer.
    4. Replace engine control computers wire harness.
    5. Replace fuel system.
11. Apply electrical principals to electronic engine control systems.
    1. Draw schematics of input sub systems.
    2. Draw schematics of output sub systems.
    3. Relate ohms law to sub system operation.
    4. Demonstrate voltage drop tests on electronic engine control sub systems.
    5. Demonstrate current flow tests on electronic engine control sub systems.
    6. Demonstrate resistance tests on electronic engine control sub systems.
    7. Operate lab oscilloscope to test input and output signals/voltage.
12. Perform industry standard diagnostic routines on OBD 2 systems to repair faults.
    1. Demonstrate on car code and information retrieval techniques.
    2. Utilize and analyze diagnostic code flow charts.
    3. Repair faults as needed and verify correct operation.
13. Locate and utilize related information.
    1. Perform service bulletin search on computerized data base.
    2. Locate and utilize service information from industry standard software.

AUT 845 - Electrical Systems Diagnosis

1. Perform proper shop safety procedures.
   1. Apply work area safety skills.
   2. Demonstrate safe personal working habits.
   3. Practice safe tool and equipment usage.
   4. Follow manufacturer’s repair procedures.
   5. Follow manufacturer and government warnings and regulations.
2. Examine data communication systems.
   1. Identify communication protocols used.
   2. Examine module to module communication.
   3. Check for and diagnose module communication errors (including CAN/BUS systems) using a scan tool.
   4. Identify electronic modules, security systems, radios, and other accessories that require re-initialization or code entry after reconnecting vehicle battery.
   5. Describe the process for software transfers, software updates, or flash reprogramming on electronic modules.
   6. Repair CAN/BUS wiring harness.
3. Service restraint systems.
   1. Locate system operational theory in a service manual.
   2. Identify inflatable restraint system components.
   3. Locate inflatable restrain system components on a vehicle.
   4. Examine inflatable restraint operational theory.
   5. Identify inflatable restraint trouble codes.
   6. Diagnose failures using trouble code information.
   7. Interpret information and data as it relates to diagnosis.
   8. Perform clearing of trouble codes.
   9. Disable inflator modules by zone location.
   10. Examine seatbelt pretensioner operation.
4. Analyze body control systems.
   1. Discuss controlled systems.
   2. Identify component location and functions.
   3. Use diagnostic tools and procedures to diagnose (troubleshoot) body electronic system circuits; determine necessary action.
   4. Interpret information and data as it relates to diagnosis.
   5. Diagnose body control system and sub-system failures.
5. Examine entertainment systems.
   1. Discuss fundamental radio principles.
   2. Identify audio system components.
   3. Examine operation of various audio systems.
   4. Diagnose (troubleshoot) radio static and weak, intermittent, or no radio reception; determine necessary action.
   5. Examine video system operation.
6. Analyze security systems.
   1. Examine engine related anti-theft systems.
   2. Perform security system-related no-start diagnosis.
   3. Discuss content theft security systems.
   4. Diagnose content theft security system concerns.
7. Explore emerging technology.
   1. Discuss hybrid vehicle technology.
   2. Identify high-voltage circuits of electric or hybrid electric vehicle and related safety precautions.
   3. Analyze high voltage systems.
   4. Examine fuel cell technology.

AUT 847 - Electrical Systems Diagnosis

1. Perform proper shop safety procedures.
   1. Apply work area safety skills.
   2. Demonstrate safe personal working habits.
   3. Practice safe tool and equipment usage.
   4. Follow manufacturer’s repair procedures.
   5. Follow manufacturer and government warnings and regulations.
2. Examine data communication systems.
   1. Identify communication protocols used.
   2. Examine module to module communication.
   3. Check for and diagnose module communication errors (including CAN/BUS systems) using a scan tool.
   4. Identify electronic modules, security systems, radios, and other accessories that require re-initialization or code entry after reconnecting vehicle battery.
   5. Describe the process for software transfers, software updates, or flash reprogramming on electronic modules.
   6. Repair CAN/BUS wiring harness.
3. Service restraint systems.
   1. Locate system operational theory in a service manual.
   2. Identify inflatable restraint system components.
   3. Locate inflatable restraint system components on a vehicle.
   4. Examine inflatable restraint operational theory.
   5. Identify inflatable restraint trouble codes.
   6. Diagnose failures using trouble code information.
   7. Interpret information and data as it relates to diagnosis.
   8. Perform clearing of trouble codes.
   9. Disable inflator modules by zone location.
   10. Examine seatbelt pre-tensioner operation.
4. Analyze body control systems.
   1. Discuss controlled systems.
   2. Identify component location and functions.
   3. Use diagnostic tools and procedures to diagnose (troubleshoot) body electronic system circuits; determine necessary action.
   4. Interpret information and data as it relates to diagnosis.
   5. Diagnose body control system and sub-system failures.
5. Examine entertainment systems.
   1. Discuss fundamental radio principles.
   2. Identify audio system components.
   3. Examine operation of various audio systems.
   4. Diagnose (troubleshoot) radio static and weak, intermittent, or no radio reception; determine necessary action.
   5. Examine video system operation.
6. Analyze security systems.
   1. Examine engine related anti-theft systems.
   2. Perform security system-related no-start diagnosis.
   3. Discuss content theft security systems.
   4. Diagnose content theft security system concerns.
7. Evaluate emerging technology.
   1. Discuss hybrid vehicle technology.
   2. Identify high-voltage circuits of electric or hybrid electric vehicle and related safety precautions.
   3. Describe safe working practices and protective equipment for enabling and disabling high voltage systems.
   4. Analyze high voltage systems.
   5. Explain the procedure to depower high voltage systems
   6. Discuss the procedures to be followed to perform service of hybrid/high voltage vehicles
   7. Examine fuel cell technology.

AUT 870 - Automotive Service Management

1. Explain policies for customer service.
   1. Define customer service.
   2. Describe customer satisfaction.
   3. List customer expectations.
   4. Identify policies.
   5. Identify procedures.
   6. Describe policy adjustments.
   7. Explain consumer protection laws.
   8. Explain related state and federal regulations.
2. Demonstrate customer service procedures.
   1. Perform customer interview.
   2. Prepare an estimate of repairs.
   3. Show a customer technical procedures.
   4. Modify an estimate of repairs.
   5. Relate customer expectations to the repair procedure.
   6. Prepare a “follow-up” survey.
3. Assess dealership organizational structures.
   1. Draw typical organizational flow charts.
   2. Write job descriptions for listed positions.
   3. Compare organizational charts.
   4. Identify strengths.
   5. Identify weaknesses.
4. Define standard business terms.
   1. Define accounting terms.
   2. Define management terms.
   3. Define marketing terms.
   4. Define franchise agreements.
5. Assemble methods of selling service.
   1. Identify sales technique.
   2. Describe sales strategies.
   3. Develop a plan for selling a specific service.
   4. Develop a plan for increasing quantity of customers.
6. Evaluate vehicles for needed repairs.
   1. Identify candidate systems for inspection.
   2. Inspect vehicles.
   3. List needed repairs.
   4. Estimate cost of repairs.
7. Evaluate vehicles for needed service.
   1. Identify recommended service using proper maintenance schedule.
   2. Research vehicle service history.
   3. Estimate cost of needed service.
8. Create repair orders.
   1. Reproduce repair orders.
   2. Identify parts and service information.
   3. Examine history of an automobile using repair orders.
   4. Design a repair order.
   5. Generate an electronic repair order.
   6. Generate an electronic repair estimate
   7. Retrieve electronic repair orders from a database.

AUT 933 - Technical Internship I

1. Perform acceptable employee attendance, responsibility, and productivity habits as noted on “Employer’s Evaluation of Coop Student” form.
   1. Show regular attendance.
   2. Demonstrate job punctuality.
   3. Demonstrate a positive attitude to work.
   4. Show employee dependability.
   5. Display quality work.
   6. Exhibit good judgment.
   7. Present ability to learn.
   8. Reveal initiative.
   9. Display positive working relations with others.
2. Complete internship weekly work reports.
   1. Log daily work.
   2. Submit weekly work reports
3. Evaluate vehicle maintenance work
   1. Complete Lube, Oil, Filter service.
   2. Complete cooling system service.
   3. Complete transmission system service.
   4. Complete vehicle maintenance inspection.
   5. Perform 30 hours of vehicle maintenance work.
4. Assess Brake work.
   1. Complete disk brake repairs
   2. Complete parking brake repairs
   3. Complete hydraulic brake system repairs
   4. Complete ABS repairs
   5. Perform 30 hours of Brake work
5. Evaluate Steering & Suspension work
   1. Complete steering linkage service
   2. Complete suspension component service
   3. Perform 30 hours of Steering and Suspension work
6. Assess Electrical work
   1. Complete vehicle electrical diagnosis
   2. Repair vehicle electrical circuits
   3. Measure vehicle electrical systems with DVOM.
   4. Perform 30 hours of electrical work

AUT 934 - Technical Internship II

1. Perform acceptable employee attendance, responsibility, and productivity habits as noted on “Employer’s Evaluation of Coop Student” form.
   1. Show regular attendance.
   2. Demonstrate job punctuality.
   3. Demonstrate a positive attitude to work.
   4. Show employee dependability.
   5. Display quality work.
   6. Exhibit good judgment.
   7. Present ability to learn.
   8. Reveal initiative.
   9. Display positive working relations with others.
2. Complete internship weekly work reports.
   1.  Log daily work.
   2. Submit weekly work reports
3. Evaluate vehicle emission system work
   1.  Use scan tool to retrieve emission related DTC’s
   2. Follow published service information to diagnose emission related DTC’s
   3. Repair emission related DTC’s
   4. Perform 20 hours of emission related system work
4. Assess Transmission work.
   1. Use scan tool to retrieve transmission related DTC’s
   2. Follow published service information to diagnose transmission related DTC’s
   3. Repair transmission related DTC’s
   4. Perform 20 hours of transmission related system work
5. Evaluate Safety system work
   1. Use scan tool to retrieve safety system related DTC’s
   2. Follow published service information to diagnose safety system related DTC’s
   3. Repair safety system related DTC’s
   4. Perform 20 hours of safety system related system work
6. Assess Electrical work
   1. Complete vehicle electrical diagnosis
   2. Repair vehicle electrical circuits
   3. Measure vehicle electrical systems with DVOM.
   4. Perform 30 hours of electrical work

AVI 130 - Private Pilot Ground School

1. Identify airplanes, their construction, the power plant and related systems, flight control systems, instruments, basic aerodynamics
   1. Explain the requirements and steps necessary to become a safe and responsible licensed private pilot
   2. Familiarize the student with aircraft nomenclature and basic aerodynamics.
   3. Explain the principles of operation and the proper use of an airplane reciprocating engine. Become familiar with the theory and utilization of associated engine systems and cockpit engine instruments
   4. Provide basic comprehension of the theory of operation and the systems that activate cockpit flight instruments. Learn to coordinate outside visual references with flight instruments
   5. Evaluate aircraft performance by considering the effect of varying atmospheric and runway conditions
2. Study rules, regulations and procedures used while operating an aircraft in the vicinity of different types of airports and airspace
   1. Explain the types of airspace and airports
   2. Give the scope and sources of government publications that relate to aviation.
   3. Identify the definitions, applications and enforcement procedures for those federal aviation regulations and national transportation safety board regulations that relate to the student and private pilot
3. Prepare student to use weather and flight information, reference material, and aircraft equipment to plan and execute a cross-country flight
   1. Familiarize the student with basic principles of navigation and to teach the application of the different methods of air navigation
   2. Introduce the basic operating principles of the most commonly used radio navigation aids and to teach their proper use
4. Review the procedures for calculating weight and balance and performance capabilities.
   1. Teach hazards of improper airplane loading, legal requirements for and the advantage of proper loading
   2. Calculate an aircraft’s weight and center of gravity using aircraft weight and balance documents
   3. Calculate aircraft performance capabilities in varying atmospheric conditions, using a pilot’s operating handbook
5. Demonstrate an understanding of how the atmosphere acts to produce weather and how this weather affects flight safety
   1. Study the general characteristics of the atmosphere and the specifics of aviation weather relevant to the private pilot
   2. Identify the sources and types of aviation weather charts, forecasts, and reports.
6. Show how to use various flight information publications for flight planning or reference use
   1. Learn to determine if a publication is current and whether it is intended to be read as a source of information to pilots or to be research as a reference tool when planning a flight
   2. Interpret and use sectional charts and an airport facility directory to become familiar with intended route of flight and destination airports
7. Perform computations using an E6-B Flight Computer
   1. Determine the number of degree correction needed to fly a straight path when being blow off course by wind
   2. Determine groundspeed based on wind effect
   3. Determine rate of fuel burn based on groundspeed
   4. Determine estimated time of arrival to destination
8. Learn the FAA safety procedures and anti-terrorist tactics
   1. Understand emergency transponder codes and emergency procedures for hijacked airplanes
   2. Learn requirements to comply with temporary flight restrictions
9. Understand technically advanced aircraft
   1. Learn components of a glass cockpit
   2. Interpret instrument information displayed on a glass panel
   3. Understand power sources and minimum operating requirements for glass cockpits
   4. Learn how to load approaches, departures and arrivals in technically advanced aircraft

AVI 172 - Private Pilot Flight Training

1. Demonstrate preflight procedures and maneuver the aircraft on the ground.
   1. Familiarize the student with aircraft cockpit checks, required certifications and documents and preflight inspection checks.
   2. Familiarize the student with aircraft engine start-up, radio communications, and navigational instruments.
   3. Explain the operation of the aircraft on the ground during the taxi procedures, breaking and steering the aircraft.
   4. Demonstrate aircraft run-up, flight, instruments, systems and engine checks.
2. Explain procedures used for take-off, climb, and cruise flight.
   1. Demonstrate before take-off checks.
   2. Demonstrate radio communications for takeoff clearance.
   3. Explain procedures for normal and crosswind takeoffs.
3. Explain basic flight maneuvers flight maneuvers.
   1. Describe basic principles of straight and level flight.
   2. Explain the basic operating principles of level shallow and medium turns.
   3. Demonstrate how to track a straight line with wind correction.
   4. Explain climbs, descents, and level off in the aircraft.
   5. Demonstrate how to avoid aircraft and runway incursions.
4. Demonstrate emergency procedures and aircraft performance capabilities.
   1. Describe hazards of improper airplane loading, and the effect on the aircraft in uncoordinated flight.
   2. Explain the procedures to handle engine failure in takeoff run, after takeoff and in-flight.
   3. Discuss the proper procedure to land the aircraft with a flat tire.
   4. Explain the procedures to execute a forced landing with power or no power.
5. Demonstrate an effective landing using proper procedures.
   1. Identify the airport traffic pattern and use the proper communication and traffic pattern entry
   2. Describe the pre-landing checklist and procedures.
   3. Demonstrate how to announce landing intentions in non-controlled environment.
   4. Demonstrate how to have a stabilized approach to landing.
   5. Explain the proper use of flaps for the landing approach and touch-down.
   6. Determine if wake-turbulence or wind shear will be a factor and avoidance strategies
   7. Demonstrate slips to a landing.
   8. Demonstrate a go-around procedure if the landing cannot be performed safely.
   9. Demonstration of drift correction and cross-wind landing procedures.
6. Apply emergency procedures
   1. Demonstrate the procedures, airspeeds, and communications involved in forced landings.
   2. Discuss the procedures for dealing with an aircraft fire during start-up, in the engine or electrical system, in-flight, in the cabin or on the wing of the aircraft.
   3. Discuss how icing can affect an aircraft in flight, blocking the static port or carburetor ice.
   4. Determine procedures to be used with an electrical over voltage light and/or ammeter discharge
7. Describe basic instrument flight
   1. Explain how to fly the aircraft with only the instruments, no outside references.
   2. Interpret instruments to show climbs, descents, turns and straight and level flight.
   3. Utilize the turn coordinator and demonstrate how to time turns to make roll out more precise.
8. Demonstrate ground reference maneuvers
   1. Describe clearing turns and collision avoidance.
   2. Demonstrate rectangular pattern with focus on wind correction, distance and altitude.
   3. Demonstrate turns around a point with focus on wind correction, distance and altitude.
   4. Demonstrate S-turns with focus on wind correction, distance and altitude.
9. Describe navigation and cross-country flight
   1. Examine the use of the VOR system
   2. Describe the use of the GPS system
   3. Explain the procedures used for pilotage and dead reckoning.

AVI 213 - Instrument Flight Theory

1. Explain the function of flight instruments required for instrument flight rules (IFR) flight, including transponders, radar, and radio aids to navigation
   1. Gain knowledge in Pitot-Static, vacuum, electrical, power plant, and fuel systems
   2. Learn aspects of attitude instrument flying
   3. Gain knowledge of instruments used in instrument navigation
2. Discuss the use of flight instruments required for instrument flight rules (IFR) flight
   1. Understand the gyros that make instrument flight possible
   2. Understand flight instrument that sense pressure
3. Learn the limitations of flight instruments required for instrument flight rules (IFR) flight
   1. Learn the source of power for your instruments.
   2. Understand the effects of ice and the pitot-static-system
4. Acquaint the student with the federal aviation regulations that apply to flight under IFR conditions, the IFR air traffic system and procedures
   1. Obtain knowledge of federal aviation regulations pertinent to obtaining an instrument rating and to any regulations that regulate flight under instrument weather conditions. F.A.R. Part 61, Part 91 and Part 97
   2. Know where to find and how to use NOTAMS, PIREPS, TFRS.
   3. Understand the requirements to obtain a medical certificate and instrument rating
5. Advise student of the IFR air traffic system and procedures
   1. Familiarize the student with the air traffic procedures used during IFR flight: IFR departure procedures, enroute procedures and arriving procedures.
   2. Learn how to identify and use instruments including VOR, AFD, GPS and DME
6. Discuss the provisions of the aeronautical information manual pertinent to IFR flight.
   1. Give students IFR procedures set out in the Aeronautical Information Manual. Navigation aids, airspace, air traffic control, emergency procedures and safety of flight
   2. Understand the airport markings and airport lighting as applicable to IFR flight.
7. Acquaint the student with dead reckoning skills appropriate to IFR navigation, IFR navigation by radio aids using the VOR, ADF, and ILS systems, and the use of IFR charts and instrument approach procedure charts
   1. Develop student skills in predicting performance levels for dead reckoning used in IFR conditions
   2. Predict time, fuel, and distance for departure, enroute, approach, missed approach, and alternate landing sites
   3. Acquaint students with the components and usage of VOR, ADF, and ILS systems for use in IFR navigation
8. Explain the use of aviation weather reports and forecasts, and the elements of forecasting weather trends on the basis of that information and personal observation of weather conditions
   1. Learn how to obtain and interpret aviation weather reports and forecasts for IFR flights
   2. Learn the elements of forecasting weather trends to aid in interpreting weather reports and to aid in personal observation of weather conditions
   3. Learn the safe and efficient operation of airplanes under instrument weather conditions
9. Gain skills to be used in making IFR flight operation calculations and decisions
   1. Learn about IFR flight planning, how to handle a full or partial loss of required instruments. How to handle all emergencies and decision making.
   2. Learn how to calculate appropriate time, distance and fuel use for amended flight plans and when going to your alternate

AVM 100 - Cleaning/Corrosion Control

1. Identify and select cleaning materials used on aircraft
   1. Demonstrate caustic cleaning of aluminum structures.
   2. Differentiate electro-chemical from chemical cleaning.
2. Identify cleaning agents for aircraft engine parts.
   1. Explain characteristics and use of chemical cleaners.
   2. Identify commonly used chemical cleaners and how they are used.
   3. Determine materials which may be damaged, the safety precautions and the steps in using each type of agent
   4. Determine when cleaning of engine parts can take place using various materials
   5. Describe advantages and disadvantages of blasting engine parts with: sand, walnut shells, hard shell grain, plastic pellets.
   6. Explain what precautions should be taken when using alkaline caustic solutions.
   7. Determine when each type of cleaner can be used.
3. Inspect, identify, remove and treat aircraft corrosion and perform aircraft cleaning.
   1. Remove oil, dirt and fuel stains
   2. Follow steps and precautions during cleaning
   3. Identify intergranular and intercrystallic corrosion
   4. Determine control and causes of intergranular corrosion.
   5. List the steps for the proper removal of corrosion.
   6. Demonstrate protection of aluminum alloy parts.
   7. Apply protective coatings to such area as battery compartment and adjacent area
   8. Demonstrate proper rust removal.
   9. Maintain rubber products affected by liquids, weather and cleaning products.

AVM 103 - Aircraft-Materials/Processes

1. Measure accurately with measurement tool
   1. Demonstrate concepts in inspection.
   2. List steps of inspection and determine if repairable or serviceable.
2. Identify different types of nondestructive testing that can be used on aircraft to detect different types of flaws and failures.
   1. List the terms and principles of nondestructive inspection.
   2. Detect defects in aluminum castings and forgings
   3. Understand magnetic particle inspection and magnaflux and magnaglo inspections.
   4. Understand instructions and information concerning the methods and materials that dye penetrant inspection involve
   5. Utilize methods and materials encountered in magnetic particle inspection.
   6. Perform eddy current inspections
   7. Perform ultrasonic inspections
   8. Distinguish between heat treatable and weldable aluminum alloys test procedures.
   9. Perform inspection tests on welded members
   10. Determine welds, types of defects and flaws in welds.
3. Understand the effects of heat treatment on different metal types.
   1. Recognize aluminum alloy code designation for its heat-treat-ability.
   2. Apply methods of heat treatment and strain relieving on aluminum alloys.
   3. Demonstrate the annealing of copper and steel parts.
   4. Identify and install aircraft bolts and like fasteners. This will be accomplished by studying each of the following:
   5. Identify numbering systems, alloys, hardness, alclad/pureclad systems relating to aluminum.
4. Identify steel alloys
   1. Identify the SAE code system
   2. List uses of aircraft steel
   3. Identify code marking on steel alloys
   4. Identify temper conditions of steel
5. Understand economic and engineering criteria in selection of aircraft materials.
   1. Acknowledge the selection of materials as dictated by design of the airplane.
   2. Determine how and shaping of metals has an effect upon material selection.
   3. Determine how joining of materials effects material selection.
   4. Identify aircraft materials and their purpose on aircraft.
6. Understand the selection and purpose of rivets used in the aircraft.
   1. Use the AN rivet code system
   2. Use the MS numbering system
   3. List the limitations in uses of rivets
   4. Identify the rivet strength control methods.

AVM 104 - Regulations and Publications

1. Demonstrate ability to read, comprehend, and apply information contained in FAA and manufacturers’ manuals, publications and related federal aviation regulations, airworthiness directives, and advisory material.
   1. Explain how to use the type Certificate Data Sheet
   2. Describe how to use Aircraft Specification
   3. Identify and relate regulations governing airworthiness certificates.
   4. Utilize Technical Standard Orders
   5. Utilize manufacturers’ maintenance, service, overhaul, and operating publications.
   6. Utilize Supplementary Type Certificates and Airworthiness Directive.
2. Read technical data
   1. Make a thorough search of all the publications at hand.
   2. Develop a logical sequence of operations
3. Write description of work performed including aircraft discrepancies and corrective actions using typical aircraft maintenance records
   1. Describe the steps and information required to perform inspection on an aircraft
   2. Determine what type of repair the student is making to an aircraft.
4. Complete required maintenance forms, records, and inspection reports.
   1. Perform maintenance record entries and the information which is found in FAR?s parts 91, 43, AC 43-9B or subsequent
   2. Determine whether an airplane must have a 100 hour, annual or progressive inspection
   3. Check an aircraft’s Registration and Airworthiness Certificates, Operations Limitations Manual and/or Placards, Radio Station License, Weight and Balance and Equipment Records, all airframe and engine logbooks, prior Repair and Alteration records, and the
5. Exercise Mechanic Privileges within the limitations prescribed by FAR 65.
   1. Interpret FAR 65 to find the requirements the student must meet for issuance of mechanics certificate
   2. Classify repairs and rules concerning inspection times.
   3. Explain major alterations, propeller repairs and alteration, and modification of structures
   4. Describe the rules and regulations which govern a repair station.
   5. Explain the legal and ethical responsibilities of the mechanic.

AVM 107 - Weight and Balance

1. Weigh Aircraft
   1. Perform weighing procedures, jacking and leveling, reading scales and recording weights
   2. Locate and interpret information necessary to weigh the airplane.
   3. Describe the procedures and precautions to be observed in the weighing process.
2. Perform complete weight and balance check and record data
   1. Solve problems involving computations in weight and balance problems.
   2. Compute weights for computation
   3. Determine what a datum is and how are directional movements measured
   4. Determine weight and balance when forward and aft loaded center of gravity is varied.
   5. Compute the effect of equipment changes and loading schedules.
   6. Compute weight and balance for a helicopter
   7. Determine how to proceed when weight and balance records are not current and what actions should be taken if the records cannot be located.

AVM 111 - Ground Operations & Servicing

1. Identify and select fuels
   1. Explain the significance of octane/performance number identification of fuel, color identifying octane rating or performance number, vapor lock, cause of detonation and effective elimination, and kerosene vs. gasoline as fuels for turbine engines
2. Start, ground operate, move, service and secure aircraft and identify typical ground operation hazards
   1. Perform fueling aircraft and fueling equipment.
   2. Start and operate aircraft engines. This will be accomplished by studying the following
   3. Explain how to react to fire in an induction system.
   4. List external hydraulic power sources
   5. Direct the movement of aircraft on the ground.
   6. Prepare an aircraft for outside storage

AVM 112 - Aircraft Electrical Systems

1. Install, check, and service airframe electrical wiring, controls, switches, indicators, and protective devices.
   1. Investigate the types and characteristics of aircraft fuses, circuit breakers and switches.
   2. Describe the means and methods of selecting and installing aircraft electrical switches and wiring to components
   3. Perform installation for aircraft electrical wiring systems and junction boxes to include the following:
   4. Install electrical terminals, splices and bonding jumpers.
   5. Installing aircraft electrical wiring in a conduit.
   6. Check and connect of quick-disconnect plugs and receptacles.
   7. Describe the means by which emergency switches are protected from accidental actuation
   8. Identify and describe the characteristics of aircraft high tension and low tension electrical wiring
2. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service and repair alternating and direct current electrical systems
   1. Explain the methods of controlling output current and voltage of compound DC generators
   2. Check, troubleshoot, and repair an aircraft dual DC generator electrical system
   3. Investigate the methods of providing AC power in aircraft having only DC electrical systems
   4. Troubleshoot and repair a DC electrical system supplied by an alternator.
   5. Investigate the characteristics and advantages of A.C. aircraft electrical systems. Describe the following
   6. The student will be able to identify components and operating elements of a high voltage A.C. aircraft electrical system. Explain the following:
3. Inspect, check and troubleshoot constant speed and integrated speed drive generators
   1. Identify components and operation of a constant speed drive unit. Describe the following
4. Repair and inspect aircraft electrical system components; crimp and wiring to manufacturers’ specifications; and repair pins and sockets of aircraft connectors.
   1. Determine causes and effects of switch chatter in solenoid switches and relays.
   2. Inspect the installation and check the circuits of anti-collision and position lights
   3. Inspect, check, and repair landing and taxi light installations.
   4. Inspect, check, service, and repair aircraft interior lighting installations.
   5. Inspect, check, service and repair cockpit lights and lighting circuits.
   6. Inspect and check electrical equipment installations for integrity of mounting and connections
   7. Investigate the inspection, checking and repair of passenger call systems.
   8. Explain the means by which the student can locate replacement procedures and parts numbers for electrical component replacement

AVM 121 - Weather and Warning Systems

1. Inspect, check and service speed and configuration warning systems, electrical brake controls, and anti-skid systems.
   1. Describe the principles of operation, inspection and checks of speed, stall and takeoff warning systems and anti-skid brake control systems
   2. Describe simulated operation of anti-skid and takeoff warning systems.
2. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, and service landing gear position indicating and warning systems
   1. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service and repair landing gear position indicating and warning systems
3. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service and repair airframe ice and rain control systems
   1. List principles of installation operation and checking deicing and anti-icing systems.
   2. Replace, inspect and check operation of electrically operated air scoop or pitot static/static vent anti-icing systems

AVM 124 - Aircraft Assembly/Rigging

1. Rig fixed-wing aircraft.
   1. Use correct aircraft nomenclature.
   2. Explain the difference between turbo-jet and a fan jet engine and describe an internal combustion engine.
   3. Distinguish between a high-wing, low-wing, bi-plane and mid-wing airplane.
   4. Describe and illustrate the shape of each of the following wing planforms.
   5. Describe multi-finned of “V” tailed empennage, and design features that identify a cantilevered tail group.
   6. Describe the type of horizontal tail surface that is called a “slab” or flying tail, and explain what a stabilator is.
   7. Describe features of the design that permit the identification of each of the following types of landing gears:
   8. Describe the differences between a monocoque and a semi-monocoque type of fuselage.
   9. Explain the difference between a lift strut and a jury strut, explain cabane strut.
   10. Identify and distinguish between the leading edge, trailing, and tip of a wing, laminar flow wing, and wing vortex generator.
   11. Describe a vertical stabilizer often called by the term ?Fin? and describe the movable portion of the vertical stabilizer.
   12. Describe features that identify a stabilator.
   13. Describe a trim tab, the difference between a trim tab and a servo-tab.
   14. Describe the difference between an aileron and a flap.
   15. Define a spoiler, a dive brake.
   16. Describe and identify each of the following:
   17. Explain the difference between a cable-operated control system and a push-pull system.
   18. Describe a tandem (bogie) or multi-contact type of landing gear, cross-wind type.
   19. Define shock strut, methods used to retract a landing gear, landing gear door.
   20. Interpret theory of flight.
   21. Describe lift and drag.
   22. Analyze airfoil and streamlined shapes.
   23. List characteristics of airfoils.
   24. Describe lift and drag devices, slats and slots, describe action and effect of a spoiler on a wing.
   25. Explain thrust, propeller or jet engine, limiting factor of propeller.
   26. Explain the four forces of stability and control, differences between static and dynamic stability.
   27. Explain difference between angle of incidence and angle of attack.
2. Check alignment of structures.
   1. List fuselage station numbering systems.
   2. Describe wing station numbering system.
   3. Utilize manufacturers’ manuals
3. Assemble aircraft components, including flight control surfaces.
   1. Perform bolted installations.
   2. Install aircraft nuts.
   3. Replace safety devices.
4. Balance, rig, and inspect movable primary and secondary flight control surfaces.
   1. Identify an aircraft control cable.
   2. Install swaged cable terminals.
   3. Verify correct control response.
   4. Install and tension a control cable; inspect a cable control system.
   5. Check static balance of a control surface.
   6. Inspect and adjust push-pull control systems.
5. Perform aircraft jacking
   1. 5.1 Identify jacking equipment and procedures.
6. Rig rotary-wing aircraft.
   1. Explain rotary wing characteristics.
   2. Describe axes of a rotorcraft.
   3. Identify primary flight controls.
   4. Understand maintenance concepts.

AVM 125 - Airframe Structure and Repair

1. Wood structures, aircraft coverings, and aircraft finishes
   1. Identify wood defects
   2. Select wood for structural members based on “aircraft quality” wood, species and standards
   3. Identify and describe the working and strength characteristics of two kinds of wood which may be used as substitutes for spruce
   4. Interpret the acceptable limits for wood defects, measure a pitch pocket, grain slope or grain divergence
   5. Explain why pitch pockets would be considered more critical if they were located in the edge or spar cap of a wood spar
   6. Interpret the limitations as imposed by FAA AC 43.13-1A to the acceptance of mineral streaks in a piece of aircraft spruce
   7. Identify a compression failure in a piece of aircraft spruce
   8. Describe what is meant by the term “brash” and describe physical characteristics that may indicate “dry rot” in a piece of spruce
   9. Explain why a single knot in a piece of spruce is not sufficient cause for rejection of that piece of material
   10. Describe the terms spiral/diagonal/interlocked/wavy/curly grain.
2. Inspect Wood Structures
   1. Explain some of the advantages of laminated and plywood members over solid wood members.
   2. Know types of wood most susceptible to warping, to be able to classify a laminated section or plywood member
   3. Describe the splintering characteristics between spruce and douglas fir
   4. Interpret information pertaining to the effect of moisture on the size and strength of wood structural members knowing the greatest dimensional change and direction due to moisture, the effect on alignment of a structure due to shrinkage
   5. Explain the methods used to minimize the loosening of fittings due to shrinkage
3. Service and Repair Wood Structures
   1. Judge the suitability of substitute materials, use of references to determine species substitution, determine authorization for material substitution.
   2. Describe the kinds of glues and gluing techniques
   3. Know the terms “open assembly” and ?closed assembly? as applied to the glued joint
   4. Determine the proper clamping procedures to a spar slice. Explain clamping technique and pressure most generally applied to the gussets of ribs.
   5. Describe the procedure used to extend the working life of a synthetic resin glue
   6. Determine spar repair procedure at wing fittings.
   7. Determine repair procedure for longitudinal cracks in a spar.
   8. Describe the procedure and methods of elongated bolt holes in wood spars.
   9. Describe rib repair procedures at a rib joint, between rib joint, and at the trailing edge
   10. Determine procedure in making plywood skin repair, determine the limiting radius to bends, the types of skin repair and dimensional limits.
   11. Identify protective finishes, use FAA AC 43.13-1A or equivalent reference information to determine protective finishes in particular to the end grain of a spar, and the importance of dope-proof paint.
   12. Describe the procedure that should be followed to seal the interior surface of a wood structure that will be assembled
4. Select and apply fabric and fiberglass covering materials.
   1. Name four factors that are considered when selecting the kind and quality of fabric that will be used in recovering an airplane
   2. Compare the relative durability of the various kinds of fabric and its strength characteristics
   3. Compare the relative strength of a plain overlap, French fell, and a folded fell seam; also, give the manner in which the seam must be located.
   4. Give the limitation or disadvantage to the use of a plain sewed seam.
   5. Explain the requirements for overlapping doped seams at the wing leading edge.
   6. Explain the purpose of inter-rib bracing; also determining correct rib stitch spacing
   7. Describe the difference between an envelope and a blanket method of covering
5. Inspect, test and repair fabric and fiberglass
   1. Explain the results of poor ventilation and inadequate drainage, how it contributes to corrosion and deterioration when moisture is present, also the deterioration effect caused by sunlight
   2. Describe the protective finishes used to minimize deterioration to the fabric covering. Explain damaging effect of a structure when infested with insects, birds and varmints. Describe factors in determining whether a fabric covered structure is airworth
   3. Explain why fabric is strength tested, and at what intervals, also two common methods testing fabric strength and compare reliability. Explain which areas of the aircraft are the sample “strips” taken and the areas where “punch” tests are made
   4. Explain some of the precautions in using and interpreting the readings of a “punch” tester. Explain the factor of aircraft performance which limits the repair of fabric by doped-on patches, also the kind of tests used to determine the kind of dope that h
   5. Explain what publication classifies the repairs as major or minor repairs. Give recommended procedure when sewing an “L” shaped tear, give circumstances when necessary to ribstitch a patch; describe method to remove original dope-as a prelude to doping o
   6. Explain precautions involved when patching fabric on movable control surfaces
6. Apply trim, letters and touch-up paint
   1. Explain the positioning on fixed wing and rotary wing aircraft, and how registration numbers are assigned and issued to a specific airplane.
   2. Give the procedure for changing a registration number that has been assigned to an airplane
   3. Quote regulation as to the height and width, also explain the term “stroke” of the letter.
   4. Explain requirement for contrasting color, a review of FAR 45 of registration markings as to forms referred to as “block slant or inclined letters.”
   5. Explain marking of foreign registry of an airplane while it is operating within the airspace of the United States and what other regulations apply.
   6. Explain the precautions to be observed when masking registration numbers on trim design prior to the application of paints. When using masking paper, give the importance of selecting a paper that will not “bleed through.”
   7. Explain uses and advantages of decals, instructions for applying decals, and how decals are coated after they have applied to the aircraft surface.
7. Apply finishing materials
   1. List why dope is usually brushed at a ?full-bodied? or unthinned consistency, advantages and disadvantages to the use of butyrate dope
   2. Describe a procedure that will ensure penetration of the dope and saturation of the fabric without the detrimental effect of runs and sags. Also describe sanding technique
   3. Apply surface tapes, drain grommets, inspections rings, and reinforceing patches
   4. Explain the proper placing of grommets, inspection rings, and reinforcing patches. Describe a practice that will minimize the entrapment of air beneath tapes and patches
   5. Describe why the surface of an aluminum alloy must be cleaned and etched before priming, also information as to the correct thinner to be used with a primer and how it can be found
   6. Give the advantage to “wet sanding” a finish.
   7. Explain the difference between a suction type and pressure type of spray gun. Describe the adjustments of a spray gun which permits control of the fluid quantity and spray pattern
   8. Explain faulty operator techniques that will probably result in:
   9. Inspect finishes and identify defects
   10. Explain test procedure that may be made to determine whether a finishing material may be sprayed over an original finish. Advise what reference information should be used as a guide to the mixing and application of finishes
   11. Explain some of the factors that contribute to the following:
8. Identify and select aircraft finishing materials
   1. Describe the results of mixing nitrate and butyrate dope.
   2. Perform test that could be made to determine whether the original finish was nitrate or butyrate
   3. Describe some of the advantages and limitations of nitrate dope, and butyrate dope
   4. Explain the purpose of a rejuvenator and how does rejuvenator differ from dope
   5. Describe the difference between lacquer and enamel, and the results of mixing lacquers and enamels
   6. Explain why there is such a wide variety of primers and special purpose paints; also, what special precautions apply to the mixing and application of special finishes that require a catalyst
   7. Explain why some thinners may also be called “reduces.” Retarders, it’s functioning the thinning of dope.
   8. Describe precautions that should be observed to ensure that thinners are correctly identified before pouring them into a finishing material
9. Select, install and remove special fasteners for metallic, bonded, and composite structures
   1. Identify kinds of special rivets used in aircraft repair.
   2. Remove and install hi-shear rivets
   3. Remove and replace special rivets and fasteners
   4. Select acceptable holes and install hi-shear rivets, and blind rivets.
10. Form, lay out, and bend sheet metal
    1. Make a joggle in aluminum sheet
    2. Describe theory of bend allowance and flat pattern development.
    3. Layout and make bends in sheet metal
    4. Form aluminum parts by bumping
11. Inspect and repair sheet metal structures
    1. Select and use twist drills and countersinks.
    2. Select and use hand files for soft metals
    3. Repair shallow scratches in sheet metal
    4. Repair a slightly oversize hole by reaming for next larger size rivet
    5. Prepare dissimilar metals for assembly
    6. Describe loads in fuselage and wing structures and types of overload failures.
    7. Repair stressed-skin airplane wing
    8. Repair aircraft structural units built from sheet metal.
    9. Determine condition of stressed skin structure which has been critically loaded.
    10. Construct a watertight joint
12. Inspect bonded structures
    1. Inspect and repair metal sandwich structures
    2. Evaluate damage to bonded structure and determine type of repair needed.
13. Inspect, test and repair fiberglass, plastics, honeycomb, composite, and laminated primary and secondary structures
    1. Identify and repair plastic composite and fiberglass aircraft materials.
    2. Repair damaged areas in fiberglass aircraft structures.
14. Inspect, check, service and repair windows, doors and interior furnishings.
    1. Recognize distinguishing characteristics of transparent plastic and plate glass enclosures
    2. Clean, protect, repair, and secure transparent plastic aircraft enclosures

AVM 129 - Landing Gear & Brake Systems

1. Inspect, check, service, and repair landing gear, retraction systems, shock struts, brakes, wheels, tires and steering systems
   1. Describe cleaning materials used to clean tires, precautions that should be taken to prevent damage caused by hydraulic fluids and other kinds of oil and grease, also what effect esterbase base chemicals have on aircraft tires.
   2. Explain tire storage and the requirements regarding sunlight, temperature, relative humidity, and other atmospheric conditions i.e. zones, etc.
   3. Inspect, demount, determine repairs needed, and reinstall tires on wheels
   4. Remove, inspect, service, and reinstall a wheel assembly on the axle.
2. Gain understanding of brake systems and steering systems.
   1. Disassemble, identify components, and reassemble mechanical and hydraulic type brake assemblies
   2. Replace a brake actuating cylinder
   3. Adjust clearance on a shoe, multiple-disc, and single-disc brake.
   4. Inspect, repair, and operationally check a master cylinder.
   5. Inspect, service, and describe the operation of power brake and emergency brake and emergency brake systems
   6. Recognize probable cause of brake malfunctions.
   7. Bleed air from a hydraulic brake system.
   8. Service, repair and troubleshoot landing gear oleo struts.
   9. Describe the operation of an oleo shock strut.
   10. Operate, inspect, and adjust a retractable landing gear
   11. Check landing gear alignment
   12. Inspect, adjust, and service nose and tailwheel steering and damping mechanisms

AVM 132 - Airframe/Powerplant Inspection

1. Perform airframe conformity and airworthiness inspections.
   1. Understand the limits of authorization and responsibility of the airframe technician in detail and inspection authorization in general.
   2. Describe general privileges and limitations related to inspections.
   3. Understand current instructions of the manufacturers? maintenance manuals for specific operations
   4. Describe FAR 91, general operating and flight rules, subpart C, maintenance, preventive maintenance and alterations as it pertains to the airframe technician.
   5. Preview FAR 43, Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding and Alteration as it pertains to the airframe technician.
   6. Review hard landing inspections
   7. Describe FAR 39, Airworthiness Directives, as they pertain to the airframe technician
   8. Describe aircraft specifications and type certificate data sheets as they pertain to the airframe mechanic
2. Perform powerplant conformity and airworthiness inspections.
   1. Describe FAR 65 Certification
   2. Describe general privileges and limitations
   3. Understand current instructions of the Manufacturers’ maintenance manuals for specific operations
   4. Describe FAR 91, general operating and flight rules, subpart C, maintenance, preventive maintenance and alternations, as it pertains to the powerplant technician
   5. Preview FAR 43, maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding and alteration, as it pertains to the Powerplant technician.
   6. Describe FAR 39, airworthiness directives, as they pertain to the Powerplant technician
   7. Describe aircraft specifications and type certificate data sheets as they pertain to the Powerplant mechanic

AVM 133 - Hydraulic/Pneumatic Power Sys

1. Describe types and identification of hydraulic fluids.
   1. List the four basic rules for use and handling of hydraulic fluids.
   2. List advantages and disadvantages of the three types of hydraulic fluids.
   3. Determine the proper fluid for use in a specified hydraulic system.
   4. Identify ester-base, petroleum base, and vegetable base fluids and their proper mil-spec. numbers.
   5. Identify color code for hydraulic system and hydraulic lines.
   6. List hazards and precautions to be observed in the handling of ester-base fluids.
2. Repair hydraulic and pneumatic power systems components.
   1. Select and install seals.
   2. Identify hydraulic seals and packings.
   3. Identify types and materials used in hydraulic seals and packing rings and their use with specified fluids
   4. Determine the correct seal to use with ester-base, petroleum base, and vegetable base fluids.
   5. Hydraulic tubing, types of rigid tubing used in low pressure and high pressure systems
   6. Apply F.A.A. requirements in regard to tubing replacement, inspection and acceptable tubing damage
   7. Install tubing in aircraft
   8. Identify F.A.A. requirements in regard to fabrication, length, installation in aircraft, and replacement of hydraulic rigid lines and hoses.
   9. Install seals, packings, and rings in a hydraulic component.
   10. Protect packing rings and seals against thread damage during installation.
   11. Use of lubricant in installation of seals and packings.
   12. Protect hydraulic system from contamination during a component replacement.
3. Install hydraulic components
   1. Identify, remove and install a hydraulic selector valve.
   2. Remove and install pressure regulators
4. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot and repair hydraulic and pneumatic power systems.
   1. Solve problems involving force, area, and pressure.
   2. Reference information pertaining to operation of a basic hydraulic system.
   3. Compare constant pressure and open center types of hydraulic systems.
   4. Inspect and service hydraulic reservoir
   5. Identify and describe the operation of constant and variable displacement hydraulic pumps
   6. Check, inspect, remove, and install hydraulic power pumps.
   7. Troubleshoot hydraulic pumps.
   8. Remove, install, inspect, service, and check a hydraulic accumulator.
   9. Troubleshoot and determine the cause of low, high, and fluctuating hydraulic pressure
   10. Determine operation functions of a pneumatic system.

AVM 139 - Instruments/Fire Protection-PP

1. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair electrical and mechanical engine temperature, pressure, and R.P.M. indicating systems
   1. Describe the operating principles and installation practices of temperature indicating systems for aircraft engine instrumentation.
   2. Troubleshoot and repair thermocouple and resistance-ratiometer temperature indicating systems
   3. Explain the purpose, operating principles, and troubleshooting of manifold pressure indicating systems
   4. Inspect, check, troubleshoot and repair the tachometer system.
   5. Explain the purposes, the operating principles, the requirements and applications of engine inlet and outlet temperature indicating systems will be taught.
   6. Explain the purposes, operating principles, and applications of pressure indicating and warning systems used with aircraft engines.
2. Troubleshoot, service, and repair electrical and mechanical fluid rate-of-flow indicating systems
   1. Describe types of fuel flow indicating systems.
   2. Explain the differences between the mechanical and the electrical types, for both reciprocating and turbine engines
   3. Explain the components of the fuel flow indicating system.
3. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot and repair engine fire detection and extinguishing systems
   1. Perform the inspection, checking, troubleshooting, and repair of engine fire detection systems
   2. Perform the inspection, checking, troubleshooting, and repair of engine fire extinguishing systems
4. Inspect, check, and service smoke and carbon monoxide detection systems.
   1. Describe the principles of operation of smoke and carbon monoxide detectors.
   2. Describe operation of two types of carbon monoxide detectors.
5. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot and repair aircraft fire detection and extinguishing systems
   1. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, and repair fire detection systems.
   2. Select and operate fire extinguishers.
   3. Check, troubleshoot, and repair aircraft built-in fire extinguishing systems.

AVM 141 - Control Systems

1. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and repair heating, cooling, air conditioning, pressurization systems and air cycle machines
   1. Describe the following
   2. Describe the principles of operation of aircraft air conditioning including the following
   3. Inspect, check and troubleshoot aircraft combustion heaters and exhaust-type heat exchanger will be taught. Include the following:
   4. Check and troubleshoot aircraft vapor-cycle and air-cycle cooling system will be taught
2. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and repair oxygen systems.
   1. Describe the following
3. Inspect, check and troubleshoot cabin atmospheric control systems.
   1. Identify components of an aircraft combustion heater, Freon cooling system, and an air-cycle expansion turbine
   2. Repair and/or replace air conditioning and pressurization components.
   3. Repair or replace aircraft oxygen system components, to include oxygen system trouble symptoms and checks, and the proper procedures to checking walk-around and therapeutic oxygen equipment.

AVM 145 - Aircraft Welding

1. Students will solder, braze, gas-weld and arc-weld steel.
   1. Prepare surfaces before soldering, brazing, and welding.
   2. Solder electrical and lap joints
   3. Repair steel parts by welding
2. Fabricate tubular structures
   1. Fabricate tubular steel and repair by welding.
   2. Perform aircraft tubular steel structure welding
   3. Identify characteristics of acceptable welds
   4. Repair dented tubular steel structures
   5. Identify unweldable alloy steels
   6. List tubular structure welding procedures
   7. Utilize corrosion prevention of interior of tubular structures.
   8. Determine tool requirements for tubular steel repair
3. Solder stainless steel
   1. Demonstrate silver soldering of stainless steel.
   2. List types of solders used on stainless steels
   3. Identify silver soldering techniques
   4. Practice cleaning methods used on materials after soldering
4. Weld aluminum and stainless steel
   1. Inspect and weld aluminum and stainless steel.
   2. Demonstrate aluminum welding techniques
   3. List uses of stainless steel in aircraft construction
   4. Perform welding of stainless steels
5. Weld magnesium and titanium
   1. List and perform methods and process of welding magnesium.
   2. List and perform methods and processes of welding titanium.

AVM 147 - Airframe Fuel Systems

1. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair aircraft fuel systems.
   1. Explain the reason why internal baffles are designed into metal type fuel tanks, also where fuel tanks sumps are located in fuel tanks.
   2. List requirements as to tank fuel strainers and the purpose and markings as required on the filter cap or immediately adjacent to the filler opening of a fuel tank.
   3. Describe requirements for venting a fuel tank, and what may occur if the vent is obstructed, if two or more fuel tanks may simultaneously supply fuel to an engine
   4. Explain the requirements for interconnected fuel vents and explain test pressure procedures after a fuel tank repair
   5. Identify methods as to manner in which way metal type fuel tanks are anchored or attached to the airplane structure.
   6. Describe why fuel tanks should be installed so that fuel loads are distributed over a wide area rather than concentrated at a local point, also why chafing and vibration problems may be present when installing separate type fuel tanks, and some problems g
   7. Explain how flexible bladder type fuel tanks are attached to the structure of the airplane
   8. Describe reasons for topping a fuel tank rather than permitting the tank to remain in a partially filled condition
   9. Give reasons why fuel selector valves are placard or marked to indicate direction of flow or method of operation, requirements for cross feed valves, as detent or stop position to import a “feel” to the valve position.
   10. Describe the operation of a wobble pump
   11. List factors that contribute to vapor locking of fuel pump
   12. Describe a submerged type fuel boost pump. Explain how booster pumps are used when starting an engine
2. Repair aircraft fuel systems components
   1. Repair fuel tanks
   2. Describe precautions and procedures that are necessary when cleaning a fuel tank prior to accomplishing repair to the tank
   3. Identify publications that will provide information pertaining to the repair of the particular type of tank used in the airplane, also to define test pressures and procedure to be following when testing a repaired fuel tank
   4. Explain position of the main system fuel strainer in respect to other components in the fuel system
   5. Provide publications that would provide information and instructions for servicing the screens in the fuel system
   6. Describe functions and requirements of the selector valves and the operation and placarding of an “on-off” valve
   7. Describe general conditions that dictate the minimum size of fuel lines that may be approved for an airplane
   8. List regulations that govern the routing and location of fuel lines in elation to the electrical cables in the airplane
   9. Provide publications that would give information regarding repair of damaged fuel lines
3. Inspect and repair fluid quantity indicating systems
   1. Recognize fuel quantity indicators
   2. Explain why fuel quantity must be available to the pilot at all times.
   3. Describe the accuracy of float type gauges and electrical quantity gauges, if the altitude of the airplane affects the indicated fuel quantity.
   4. Describe corrections that are usually made in the indicating system.
   5. Explain why the fuel quantity is by weight rather than by gallons, explain why most large, multi-engined airplanes have remote indicating fuel quantity systems
4. Inspect, check and repair pressure fueling systems.
   1. Describe the operation of the pressure fueling system.
   2. List precautions that must be observed before attaching the fueling nozzle to the airplane
   3. Explain precautions when pressure fueling or over-wing system regarding static grounding
   4. Describe the pilot valve in a pressure fueling system and what is its function
   5. Describe the over-pressure safety devices and its function
5. Perform fuel management transfer, and defueling
   1. Describe how fuel management may be used to maintain the center of gravity of an operating airplane within closely defined limits.
   2. Explain the advantage of maintaining the center of gravity at a specific point.
   3. Reference publications a mechanic would use to determine the procedure for transferring fuel
   4. Describe how fuel flow is maintained within the fuel transfer system of an airplane
   5. Explain the purpose of providing for cross feed of fuel in an airplane, also hazards involved in cross feeding fuel
   6. Describe the hazards associated with defueling, also the importance of static grounding the airplane and defueling truck

AVM 165 - Communication and Navigation

1. Inspect, check, and troubleshoot autopilot, servos and approach coupling systems
   1. Explain basic types of autopilot systems
   2. Explain electro-electronic autopilot system. Explanation of this system will include the following components
2. Inspect, check and service aircraft electronic communication and navigation systems, including VHF passenger address interphones and static discharge devices, aircraft VOR, ILS, LORN, radar beacon transponders, flight management computers and GPWS.
   1. Explain Federal Communications Commission regulations pertaining to two-way radio operation
   2. Describe types and installation of Aircraft Electronic Communications and Navigation Equipment
3. Inspect and repair antenna and electronic equipment installations.
   1. Repair or replace aircraft antennas and related electronic equipment.
   2. Identify and describe purpose of static dischargers.
4. Install instruments and perform a static pressure system leak test
   1. Properly handle and store instruments
   2. Install instrument panels and instruments and perform a Static Pressure System Leak Test
5. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot and repair electronic flight instrument systems and both mechanical and electrical heading, speed, altitude, temperature, pressure and position indicating systems to include the use of built-in test equipment
   1. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair instrument systems

AVM 168 - Fluid Lines and Fittings

1. Fabricate and install rigid and flexible fluid lines
   1. Describe the differences in the aluminum tubing and also the differences between aluminum tubing and stainless steel tubing
   2. Perform the beading of tubing
   3. Perform the flaring of different tubing and of different systems.
   4. Describe the different types of flexible hoses for the different systems and the different type of fittings which are used with the flexible hoses.
   5. Describe the defects which can be found with metal tubing, the cause of each and how to correct each if possible
   6. Install of both metal tubing and flexible hoses
2. Fabricate and install fittings
   1. Explain the different types of tubing connections.
   2. Explain the inspection methods and aids used to inspect these different systems.

AVM 170 - Aircraft Drawings

1. Be able to identify lines and symbols
   1. Understand the purpose of drawings
   2. Identify kinds of lines used on drawings
   3. Recognize and identify types and symbols on drawings
2. Interpret dimensions
   1. Illustrate dimensioning standards used for aircraft drawings.
   2. Identify limits and tolerances for appropriate applications.
3. Interpret electrical system drawings
   1. Identify the kinds of electrical drawings
   2. Recognize how schematic differs from an actual drawing.
   3. Isolate individual circuit from a drawing and locating it in the airplane
   4. Determines a wire size for a particular circuit on a drawing
4. Analyze installation diagrams and schematics.
   1. Identify diagrams and schematics
   2. Analyze the system using schematics
5. Make sketches
   1. Produce pictorial sketching
   2. Draw orthographic projections
6. Read and interpret drawings
   1. Scale drawings
   2. Complete title block information
7. Use manufacturers’ charts and graphs
   1. Identify kinds of graphs
   2. Interpret graphs and charts

BIO 100 - Opportunities in Biology

1. Categorize careers according to branch of biology
2. Describe the relationship of biotechnology to other careers in biology
3. Differentiate careers in biology according to required education
4. Select specific careers of interest
   1. Explain the nature of the careers
   2. List location(s) with these career options
   3. Document the necessary education requirements
   4. Describe the work environment for the careers
5. Discuss funding and organizatin of career organizations
   1. Compare private vs. public institutions
   2. List and describe government agencies
   3. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of non-profit agencies

BIO 104 - Introductory Biology w/lab

1. Act competently and safely  in the laboratory 
   1. Locate safety equipment in the laboratory 
   2. Use safe behavioral practices when in the laboratory
   3. Use laboratory equipment correctly
   4. Demonstrate competence in the use of microscopes
   5. Utilize the metric system
2. Describe how the scientific process is used to investigate scientific questions.
   1. List the stages of the scientific process.
   2. Recognize the difference between a hypothesis and a theory.
   3. Understand the limitations of science.
   4. Gain exposure to current scientific issues
3. Explain the characteristics found in all living things.
   1. Describe the organization and chemistry of life
   2. Discuss biology’s unifying principles
4. Correlate cell structure and function
   1. Identify plant and animal cell structure and explain the functions
   2. Differentiate how plants and animals obtain their energy
   3. Explain the cell theory
   4. Compare and contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
   5. List evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory
5. Assess the role of the cell membrane in cell regulation
   1. Compare and contrast ways molecules pass in and out of the cell.
   2. Describe the membrane’s roles in cell communication and cell recognition.
6. Summarize the stages and the events that occur in the cell cycle
   1. Identify cell cycle checkpoints
   2. Compare and contrast mitosis, meiosis and binary fission.
7. Appraise the roles of genes in inheritance
   1. Apply Mendel’s laws to find solutions to various genetic problems.
   2. Recognize non-Mendelian inheritance patterns
   3. Describe chromosome structure and karyotyping
   4. Differentiate sex-linked inheritance from autosomal inheritance.
   5. Distinguish gene linkage from independent gene assortment.
8. Discuss the importance of biotechnology to society
   1. List the steps involved in cloning a gene.
   2. Explain the impact of the Human Genome Project.
   3. Give specific examples of biotechnology in medical and agricultural applications
   4. Explain how biotechnology relates to gene therapy, vaccine development and other areas of medicine
9. Discuss inheritance at the molecular level starting with the central dogma of molecular biology.
   1. Describe DNA structure and how it relates to its function as the genetic code.
   2. Explain DNA replication as a semiconservative process
   3. List the roles of RNA in protein synthesis
   4. Define gene mutations and list various types of mutations
10. Discuss the theory of evolution.
    1. Give specific examples of evidence supporting the theory of evolution.
    2. Explain Darwin’s contributions of Natural Selection to understanding of evolution.
    3. Recognize the roles of genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow to evolution
    4. Describe the mechanisms which lead to the development of new species.
    5. Explain the relationship between microevolution, macroevolution and adaptation.
11. Appraise the diversity of life
    1. Distinguish characteristics of viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists, plants and animals.
    2. Explain the evolutionary development of plants and animals from primitive life to complex advanced multicellular organisms
12. Consider ecology and its impact
    1. Discuss population, community and ecosystem ecology.
    2. Explore the ecological impact of humans and technology.
    3. Discuss evidence and issues associated with Climate Change
    4. Understand community interactions, including keystone and invasive species
    5. Explain the process of nutrient cycles within ecosystems
    6. Describe the flow of energy through ecosystems

BIO 112 - General Biology I

1. Demonstrate competent and safe laboratory skills
   1. Locate safety equipment in the laboratory
   2. Model safe behavioral practices when in the laboratory
   3. Use laboratory equipment correctly
   4. Demonstrate competence in the use of microscopes         
2. Examine different methods of scientific investigation, including The Scientific Method
   1. Distinguish between hypotheses and theories
   2. Gain exposure to primary scientific literature
   3. Engage in scientific writing
3. Examine the chemistry of life
   1. Define atoms, molecules, chemical bonds, and chemical reactions
   2. Describe the unique physical and chemical characteristics of water that support life
   3. Identify structural characteristics of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids and explain their modes of synthesis and degradation    
   4. Investigate features of biological macromolecules in the laboratory    
4. Compare and contrast key structural and functional properties of living cells
   1. Identify the structural and functional similarities and differences that exist between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
   2. Correlate the structure of each eukaryotic cell component to its biological function
   3. Understand the pros and cons of using compound light microscopes, dissecting microscopes and electron microscopes for visualizing living cells                     
5. Correlate biological membrane structure with membrane function
   1. Understand how compositional and organizational aspects of membrane structure underlie cellular functions
   2. Compare and contrast passive and active modes of membrane transport in terms of energetic requirements and existing gradients of concentration or electrical potential
6. Examine metabolism 
   1. Distinguish between endergonic and exergonic reactions and anabolism and catabolism
   2. Describe the structure of ATP and how it powers the work of cells
   3. Relate energy of activation to enzyme activity 
   4. Describe enzyme structure/function and its regulation by negative feedback mechanisms
   5. Investigate enzymes in the lab
7. Examine cellular respiration
   1. Describe production of chemical energy in cells        
   2. Summarize chemical reactions of aerobic and anaerobic respiration of glucose
   3. Distinguish between oxidation and reduction
   4. Explain the importance of electron carriers in cellular respiration
   5. Specify the cellular sites of the processes of cellular respiration
   6. Distinguish types of phosphorylation
   7. Track and explain ATP production through each stage of cellular respiration
   8. Explain the necessity of oxygen for cellular respiration
   9. Investigate respiration in the laboratory
8. Analyze photosynthesis
   1. Describe photosynthetic events and structures
   2. Distinguish between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition
   3. Relate chloroplast structure to function
   4. Summarize chemical reactions of photosynthesis
   5. Describe features of light
   6. Explain how light absorption leads to electron flow through photosystems I and II
   7. Describe the roles of ATP and NADPH in the Calvin cycle
   8. Describe adaptations for minimizing water loss
   9. Investigate photosynthesis in the laboratory       
9. Examine cellular reproduction
   1. Distinguish between sexual and asexual cellular reproduction
   2. Describe chromosomes and their structural forms
   3. Describe the bacterial chromosome and binary fission
   4. Summarize cell chromosome number changes in the sexual life cycles
   5. Outline the steps and control of the cell cycle
   6. Identify characteristics and events of the phases of mitosis
   7. Describe structures and events required for chromosomal movement in mitosis
   8. Compare cytokinesis of plant and animal cells
   9. Outline the steps of meiosis
   10. Differentiate between mitosis and meiosis
   11. Explain how genetic variation in populations allows for natural selection
   12. Identify stages of mitosis and meiosis in the laboratory
10. Interpret genetics
    1. Summarize Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment
    2. Use Punnett squares and laws of probability to predict genotype and phenotype ratios
    3. Differentiate between Mendelian and non-Mendelian inheritance patterns
    4. Explain how linkage may affect genotype and phenotype ratios
    5. Evaluate pedigrees to determine patterns of inheritance
    6. Explore inheritance in the lab
11. Evaluate molecular genetics
    1. Describe the history of the discovery of DNA
    2. Describe the structure and function of DNA
    3. Outline the steps of DNA replication
    4. Explain the one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis
    5. Differentiate between RNA and DNA structure and function
    6. Compare transcription and translation mechanisms in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
    7. Use the universal genetic code to work transcription and translation problems
    8. Explain eukaryotic mRNA processing
    9. Differentiate between types of mutations and their effects
    10. Investigate molecular genetics in the laboratory
12. Examine viruses
    1. Summarize virus structure and function
    2. Describe processes of viral genome replication
    3. Discuss virus reproduction and transmission         
13. Investigate genome organization and expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
    1. Compare genomic organization in eukaryotes and prokaryotes
    2. Describe genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gene expression
    3. Understand the role of selective gene expression in regulating development
    4. Explain how operons function in metabolic control        
14. Examine the processes, applications, and ethics of biotechnology
    1. Describe functions and uses of restriction enzymes
    2. Describe various research tools used in biotechnology
    3. Cite specific advances that have been achieved through biotechnology
    4. Consider safety and ethical aspects of recombinant DNA research
    5. Investigate biotechnology in the laboratory
15. Analyze the origins and evolution of life
    1. Explain the concept of evolution as a central theme of biology
    2. Trace the historical development of the theory of natural selection, including the contributions of Charles Darwin and other scientists
    3. Describe the evidence for the evolution of life
    4. Use the geologic timescale to sequence major events (extinctions, adaptive radiations) in the evolution of life
    5. Recognize the role of the population as the unit of evolution  
    6. Distinguish between artificial and natural selection
    7. Contrast macroevolution and microevolution           
    8. Describe other modes of evolution, such as genetic drift and gene flow
    9. Investigate evolution in the laboratory
16. Classify life
    1. Use the phylogenetic approach to classification
    2. Contrast the biological species concept with other definitions of species
    3. Identify prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive isolation mechanisms that underlie allopatric and sympatric speciation
    4. Distinguish homologous and analogous structures, and provide examples of each
    5. Utilize cladistics to discuss monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic groupings
    6. Summarize how molecular clocks are utilized

BIO 113 - General Biology II

BIO 135 - Introduction to Botany

1. Understand the bilogy of the plant cell.
   1. Describe the molecular composition of plant cells.;
   2. Describe the plant cell and the cell cycle.
   3. Explain the movement of substances into and out of cells.
2. Understand the energetics of plants.
   1. Describe the flow of energy in plants.
   2. Describe respiration.
   3. Explain photosynthesis.
3. Understand genetics and evolution.
   1. Describe sexual reproduction and heredity.
   2. Describe the chemistry of heredity and gene expression.
   3. Describe recombinant DNA technology, plant biotechnology, and genomics.
   4. Explain the process of evolution.
4. Understand the nature of biological diversity in plants.
   1. Explain biological systematics.
   2. Know the basic characteristics of fungi.
   3. Know the basic characteristics of bryophytes.
   4. Know the basic characteristics of seedless vascular platns.
   5. Know the basic characteristics of gymnosperms.
   6. Know the basic characteristics of angiosperms.
   7. Describe the evolution of the angiosperms.
5. Understand the structure and development of the angiosperm plant body.
   1. Describe the development of the plant body.
   2. Describe the cells and tissues of the plant body.
   3. Describe the structure and development of the plant root.
   4. Describe the structure and development of the plant shoot.
   5. Explain secondary growth in plant stems.
6. Understand the physiology of seed plants.
   1. Describe the hormonal regulation of plant growth and development.
   2. Describe external factors that affect plant growth.
   3. Describe the basic characteristics of plant nutrition.
   4. Describe soil-plant relationships.
   5. Explain the movement of water and solutes in plants.
7. Understand the nature of plant ecology.
   1. Describe the dynamics of plants in communities and ecosystems.
   2. Explain the role of plants in global ecology.
8. Understand the relationship between plants and humans.
   1. Explain the agricultural revolution.
   2. Describe the growth of human populations.
   3. Describe agriculture in the future.
9. Understand botany laboratory techniques.
   1. Demonstrate ability to use a dissecting microscope and light microscope.
   2. Prepare live plant specimens for preservation.
   3. Prepare live plant specimens for use with microscopes.
   4. Identify live and prepared plant specimens.
   5. Construct a taxonomic key.
   6. Demonstrate proficiency with plant biotechnology techniques.
   7. Use simple statistics to analyze and explain experimental results.

BIO 138 - Field Ecology

1. Relate the distribution and abundance of plant and animal species to limiting factors.
   1. Discuss adaptations of plants and animals to climatic factors
   2. Discuss adaptations of plants and animals to geological factors
2. Describe the movements of energy and chemicals through natural ecosys­tems
3. Discuss the basic principles of the concept of evolution
4. List the basic principles of the species concept
5. Discuss the dispersal of plant and animal populations
   1. Describe methods of passive dispersal
   2. Describe methods of active dispersal
6. Identify the basic principles of ecological succession
   1. Distinguish between primary and secondary succession
   2. List trends in community development during the succession pro­cess
7. Identify the major biomes of North America
   1. Describe the biotic composition of major biome
   2. List adaptations of plants and animals common to major biomes
8. Identify the basic principles of population dynamics
   1. Relate the sample census method to the index method of popula­tion estima­tion.
   2. Discuss the S-shaped and J-shaped population growth curves
9. Discuss the interactions that take place between living organisms
   1. Outline the differences between commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism.
   2. Discuss the concept of territoriality and niche segregation
   3. List factors influence affect species diversity in ecosystems
10. Use field observations to describe the abiotic and biotic composition of forest, prairie, and wetland ecosystems
11. Identify native plants and animals
    1. Identify species of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals common to the midwestern section of the United States
    2. Identify species of trees and herbaceous plants common to the midwestern section of the United States
12. Demonstrate herbarium techniques
    1. Demonstrate methods of preparing plant specimens for herbarium mounts.
    2. Prepare plant identification labels.
    3. Comply with laboratory and field trip safety rules

BIO 145 - Ecology of Iowa

1. Relate the principles of geology to the Iowa landscape
   1. Explain the theory of Continental Drift
   2. Discuss the formation of sedimentary bedrock.
   3. Relate life and environments in the past to paleontological discover­ies.
   4. Discuss the role of glaciation in forming the Iowa landscape.
2. Identify the seven landforms of Iowa
   1. Discuss the formation of each landform
   2. Discuss the general physiography of each landform
   3. Describe ecosystem types common to each landform
   4. Discuss the impact of human society on each landform
   5. Describe environmental issues that relate to each landform
3. Relate Iowa’s water resources to the hydrologic cycle
   1. Discuss alluvial and surface water resources
   2. Discuss factors affecting Iowa’s water quality
4. Relate the principles of soil science to Iowa’s soils
   1. Identify factors involved in forming Iowa’s soils
   2. Discuss soil conservation practices that are used on Iowa’s crop­lands.
5. Relate the major groups of plants to Iowa’s native vegetation
   1. List the major categories of plants and their characteristics.
   2. Discuss the occurrence of relict plant communities in Iowa
6. Relate prairie ecology to the Iowa landscape
   1. List types of prairie communities in Iowa and their characteristics.
   2. Discuss prairie management and preservation in Iowa.
7. Relate the principles of forestry to Iowa’s woodlands
   1. List types of forests in Iowa and their characteristics
   2. Discuss forest management and preservation in Iowa
8. Relate wetland ecology to Iowa’s floodplains, marshes, and bogs.
   1. List types of wetland communities in Iowa and their characteristics.
   2. Discuss wetland management and preservation in Iowa
9. Relate principles of aquatic biology to Iowa’s lakes and rivers
   1. Identify characteristics of Iowa’s lakes and rivers
   2. Discuss the management of Iowa’s lake and river ecosystems.
10. Discuss the past and present distribution of Iowa’s fauna
    1. List factors that have caused declines in animal populations in Iowa.
    2. Summarize wildlife management trends in Iowa
11. Discuss Iowa’s human ecology
    1. Describe Iowa’s prehistorical cultures
    2. Identify patterns of settlement in Iowa and its impact on the envi­ronment.
    3. Discuss the establishment of a conservation ethic in Iowa

BIO 146 - Genetics

1. Describe the science of heredity and genetic manipulation
   1. Discuss the historical aspects of genetics, from Hippocrates and Aristotle to Darwin
   2. Explain basic concepts of genetics
   3. Discuss investigative methods used in genetics and explain the importance and extent of their application
2. Summarize the process of cell division, and chromosome structure and function.
   1. Describe the process of meiosis and mitosis
   2. Distinguish between meiosis and mitosis
   3. Review the importance of the processes of meiosis and mitosis.
3. Discuss the history and significance of Mendel’s work in genetics
   1. Explain monohybrid and dihybrid crosses
   2. Analyze monohybrid and dihybrid crosses using test crosses.
   3. Demonstrate the use of Punnett Squares in the analysis of
   4. Summarize Mendel’s principles of segregation and independent assortment. monohybrid and dihybrid crosses and test crosses
   5. Probability and Genetic Events
   6. Interpret genetic data using Chi-square analysis
   7. Human Pedigrees
4. Summarize factors known to modify simple Mendelian Ratios
   1. Identify and use appropriate symbols for alleles
   2. Discuss multiple alleles, incomplete dominance, codominance, and sex-linked inheritance
5. Discuss linkage vs. independent assortment and chromosome mapping.
   1. Distinguish between incomplete and complete linkage
   2. Explain the process and importance of crossing over
   3. Review principles of segregation and independent assortment
   4. Explain the three criteria for a successful mapping cross
   5. Identify the gene sequence in a mapping cross
   6. Diagram a mapping problem
   7. Identify the gene sequence from a genetic map
6. Summarize the characteristics and function of genetic material
   1. Discuss the history of evidence that indicated DNA was responsible for transofrmation of bacteria and that DNA was also the genetic material in eucaryotes.
   2. Explain the role of bacteriophages in transfection
   3. Review DNA structure, including the Watson-Crick model
   4. Review the three classes of RNA and their functions
   5. Examine the principles of molecular hybridization and
7. Describe the process of DNA replication and synthesis reassociation kinetics.
   1. Explain the roles of DNA polymerase I, II and III
   2. Discuss continuous and discontinuous DNA synthesis
   3. Compare procaryotic vs. eucaryotic DNA synthesis
8. Summarize the processes of DNA transcription and translation
   1. Review the genetic code.
   2. Describe the initial studies that enabled scientists to decipher the genetic code.
   3. Explain codons and anticodons
   4. Discuss degeneracy and wobble in the genetic code.
   5. Summarize universality of the genetic code
   6. Compare the processes of transcription and translation in
9. Discuss protein structure and function procaryotes vs. eucaryotes.
   1. Review the one gene - one enzyme and one gene - one protein hypotheses and discuss their historical importance
   2. Explain protein structure
   3. Describe protein function
10. Discuss genetic variation, its’ origin and importance
    1. Classify mutations
    2. Discuss methods for detecting mutations in bacteria, fungi,
    3. Describe the molecular basis for genetic mutations Drosophila, and in humans.
    4. Explain the use of the Ames Test in detection of mutagens.
    5. Review the role of radiation in DNA damage and repair.
    6. Discuss the role of transposons in genetic mutation/variation
11. Compare DNA organization in viruses, bacteria, mitochondria, chloroplasts and eucaryotic nuclei
    1. Review the organization and function of mitochondrial DNA.
    2. Review the organization and function of chloroplast DNA.
    3. Describe the organization of DNA in eucaryotic chromatin
    4. Relate the importance of chromosome banding techniques
    5. Review eucaryotic genome structure
    6. Review structure of viral and bacterial chromosomes
12. Explain the genetics of bacteria and bacteriophages
    1. Review general principles of bacterial growth and mutation
    2. Discuss conjugation in bacteria.
    3. Discuss the role of plasmids in bacterial mutations and
    4. Explain transposons, insertion sequences and inverted repeats Recombinant DNA research.
    5. Describe bacterial transformation
    6. Discuss the role of bacteriophages in transformation
    7. Explain the nature and importance of transduction
    8. Discuss reverse transcriptase and retroviruses, including their role in oncogenesis
    9. Review AIDS and discuss HIV as a subgroup of retroviruses
13. Summarize recombinant DNA technology
    1. Explain the role of restriction enzymes
    2. Discuss the types of vectors and how they are used
    3. Relate the construction and importance of genomic, chromosome-specific and cDNA libraries
    4. Explain the selection of recombinant clones
    5. Describe PCR Analysis and explain its’ importance
    6. Explain the characterization of cloned DNA sequences using restriction mapping, nucleic acid blotting and DNA sequencing
    7. Discuss the importance of various applications of recombinant DNA technology, including gene mapping, diagnostics, DNA fingerprinting, gene therapy and protein production
    8. Discuss the scientific, economic, social and ethical aspects of the Human Genome Project and of recombinant DNA technology in general
14. Summarize the regulatory mechanisms of gene expression in procaryotes and eucaryotes
    1. Distinguish between models for positive and negative control of gene expression
    2. Explain the regulation of lactose metabolism in E. coli
    3. Explain repressible genes and attenuation
    4. Distinguish between the lysogenic and lytic pathways used by
    5. Review regulation of transcription in eucaryotes bacteriophage Lambda in E.coli
    6. Discuss posttranscriptional regulation in eucaryotes
15. Explain the function and regulation of the various components of the immune system.
    1. Discuss antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immunity, and the concept of immunological memory
    2. Review theories of antibody formation
    3. Relate organization and recombination of immunoglobulin genes to antibody diversity
    4. Demonstrate understanding of production of monoclonal antibodies and their applications
    5. Discuss the ABO blood group system and Rh compatibility
    6. Explain histocompatibility antigens
    7. Discuss the role of HLA antigens and MHC genes in governing the success of tissue and organ transplantation
    8. Discuss disorders of the immune system, including AIDS and
16. Population Genetics autoimmune diseases.
    1. Populations, Gene Pools, and Allele Frequencies
    2. The Hardy-Weinberg Law
    3. Factors that Alter Allele Frequencies

BIO 151 - Nutrition

1. Assess what nutrition and the nutrients involved contributing to good health.
   1. Define nutrition, nutrients, food, and diet.
   2. Summarize wellness and describe factors that support it.
   3. Define calorie, and kilocalorie.
   4. Identify the six classes of nutrients essential for health and describe their functions.
   5. Relate the correct meaning of the acronyms “RDA”, “UL”, “AMDR”
2. Analyze the components of a healthful diet.
   1. Describe the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and apply them to a healthful diet.
   2. Identify food groups, number of servings, and serving sizes included in the USDA Food Patterns.
   3. Read a food label and use the Nutrition Facts Panel to determine the nutritional adequacy of a given food.
   4. Describe the Dietary Reference Intake values and apply them to a healthful diet.
   5. Identify the numbers of servings required for each food group using the new Daily Food Guide and the approximate amounts of foods required to count as a “serving”.
   6. Identify stages and types of nutritional deficiencies.
   7. Identify cases when an estimated safe and adequate intake of a nutrient is used instead of a RDA.
   8. Suggest changes that would improve diets, based upon the nutrient composition of the diets.
   9. Produce basic meal plans as specified by the instructor.
   10. Complete a personal food journal assessment.
   11. Discuss food insecurity, the factors that contribute to food insecurity, and the health consequences related to individuals, families, and communities experiencing food insecurity.
   12. Identify eating disorders, risk factors associated with each, and symptoms of each.
3. Evaluate the processes of digestion, absorption, transport and metabolism of nutrients.
   1. Review the parts of the digestive system and the path that food takes.
   2. Identify the components of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems that relate to absorption and transport of food.
   3. Define digestion and foods that are digested and those that are not.
   4. Identify the processes, the mechanisms and enzymes, and the names used to describe the ?food? as it passes through the digestive system and be able to match digestive enzymes with their substrates and products.
   5. Assess problems associated with digestion and the consequences of those problems including hormones associated with digestion.
   6. Examine factors required for transport of nutrients, and the routes by which they are transported in the blood and the proportions that each nutrient is usually absorbed.
   7. Distinguish between anabolism, catabolism and metabolism.
   8. Identify steps in cellular respiration and products of these steps and summarize how nutrients are metabolized and for what purpose.
4. Evaluate carbohydrates and carbohydrate metabolism and consumption.
   1. Distinguish complex carbohydrates from simple sugars.
   2. Describe the chemical makeup of monosaccharides and disaccharides including glucose, fructose, galactose, lactose, maltose, and sucrose.
   3. Define oligosaccharide and polysaccharide and describe the roles of starch, glycogen, and fiber in the diet.
   4. Differentiate between soluble and insoluble fiber and list sources.
   5. Identify foods that contribute largely to US consumption of sucrose.
   6. Discuss the process of carbohydrate digestion and absorption. Include the roles of the following enzymes: salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase.
   7. Assess the role of the liver in the processing and storage of carbohydrates.
   8. Evaluate any disease processes that may occur when carbohydrate consumption is either too high or too low.
   9. Discuss the prevalence, pathophysiology, and management of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
5. Interpret the process of ethanol metabolism and how it relates to nutrition.
   1. Identify the route and site of absorption of ethanol and the approximate percentage absorbed and factors that include the rate of absorption.
   2. Compare the different alcohol blood levels and determine those that represent intoxication and that which can result in respiratory arrest.
   3. Categorize the metabolic pathways used to get energy out of alcohol and the energy provided.
   4. Assess problems and possible health benefits associated with alcohol consumption.
6. Justify the structure and function of lipids and how they apply to nutrition.
   1. List and describe the three types of lipids found in foods.
   2. Identify roles of lipids in the diet and in the body.
   3. Describe essential fatty acids and omega-3-fatty acids and their sources and their roles in diet.
   4. Summarize the recommended dietary intakes for all types of fat.
   5. Differentiate among low-fat, reduced fat and nonfat.
   6. Identify the role that dietary lipids play in the development of heart disease.
   7. Describe the ways in which lipids are used as a fuel source and the storage of lipids.
7. Evaluate the characteristics of amino acids and proteins and how they relate to nutrition.
   1. Compare and contrast essential from non-essential amino acids by name and description.
   2. Describe how proteins are digested and absorbed by the body.
   3. Identify the roles of protein in the body.
   4. Examine the components of nitrogen balance, and factors affecting nitrogen balance.
   5. Summarize the recommended dietary intake levels for protein.
   6. Identify diseases associated with protein nutrition by description and treatments.
   7. Evaluate dietary proteins and their uses.
   8. Differentiate among complete, partially complete, and incomplete proteins.
   9. Identify foods that containing abundant, moderate amounts and very little protein.
   10. Summarize the types of vegetarian eating patterns.
8. Distinguish the properties of metabolism, catabolism, and anabolism.
   1. Describe the roles of ATP, ADP, and AMP as they relate to the metabolism.
   2. Illustrate the following types of reactions: hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, oxidation-reduction, and phosphorylation.
   3. Explain the roles of enzymes, cofactors, and coenzymes during chemical reactions.
   4. Evaluate the process of alcohol metabolism.
   5. Identify the body?s mechanisms for storing excess glucose, triglycerides, and proteins.
   6. Describe the processes by which macronutrients are synthesized, and the role of hormones in regulating metabolism.
   7. Explain how the states of feasting and fasting affect metabolism.
9. Differentiate between essential and nonessential nutrients.
   1. Distinguish between energy yielding and non-energy yielding nutrients.
   2. Compare macronutrients from micronutrients.
   3. Name the B vitamins that are primarily involved in energy metabolism and describe their function.
   4. Describe disease processes as they relate to their nutritional deficiencies.
10. Summarize fluids and electrolytes and describe their functions.
    1. Describe the methods in which the body maintains fluid balance.
    2. Show the ways in which our body loses fluids.
    3. Explain the role of the following minerals as they pertain to fluid balance: sodium, potassium, chloride, and phosphorus.
    4. Identify the symptoms of disorders relating to fluid and electrolyte imbalance.
    5. Describe water metabolism.
    6. Identify factors that interfere with vitamin and mineral metabolism and how they do so.
11. Analyze energy metabolism in foods.
    1. State the differences among the methods of determining the energy content of foods.
    2. Identify processes that are part of basal metabolism.
    3. List factors affecting basal energy needs.
    4. Summarize conditions used to measure the basal metabolic rate and the resting metabolic rate.
    5. Identify methods used to measure energy expenditure.
    6. Understand the energy balance equation and its implications.
    7. Demonstrate the rule of thumb for estimation of BMR.
    8. Explain reasons why energy needs vary greatly between individuals.
    9. Identify factors that influence food/kcal intake.
12. Evaluate methods and purposes of obtaining an ideal body weight.
    1. List the methods used to measure body fat.
    2. Assess risks and causes of obesity.
    3. Identify requirements and characteristics of a good reducing diet.
13. Analyze nutrition through the life cycle.
    1. Generalize factors which may affect birth weight of an infant.
    2. Identify factors which affect childbirth for a woman.
    3. List nutrients that should be increased in pregnancy and those where avoidance of a megadose is important.
    4. Restate the differences between cow’s milk, infant formula, and mother’s milk and the differences between mother’s milk (mature) and colostrum.
    5. Name factors essential for infants, adolescent boys and girls, and the elderly.

BIO 156 - Human Biology w/lab

1. Comply with safety and health rules
   1. Explain appropriate safety procedures for the laboratory
   2. Demonstrate appropriate safety procedures for the laboratory
   3. Identify the locations of safety equipment in the laboratory room
2. Demonstrate laboratory skills
   1. Distinguish among laboratory supplies
   2. Prepare solutions
   3. Show competence in the use of laboratory equipment
   4. Use the metric system
3. Use laboratory microscopes
   1. Identify major parts of the microscope
   2. Demonstrate proper technique in the use of a microscope
   3. Demonstrate proper care of the microscope
4. Identify levels of organization in the human body
   1. Arrange levels in proper sequence
   2. Identify and describe the major parts of the cell.
   3. Identify and describe the cell organelles.
   4. Identify organelle functions.
   5. Define a tissue.
   6. Define an organ.
   7. Identify organ systems.
   8. Correlate interactions among levels of organization.
5. Identify the structures employed in body support and movement
   1. Identify microscopic components of compact bone
   2. Identify major bones of axial and appendicular skeletal system
   3. Identify microscopic components of muscle
   4. Identify major muscles
6. Relate the functions of body support and movement
   1. Describe sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
   2. Define origin and insertion of a muscle.
   3. Identify difference between flexion and extension
   4. Discuss lever classes of the human body
7. Identify structures used in body control systems
   1. List components of the central nervous system
   2. List components of the peripheral nervous system
   3. Describe components of a reflex arc
   4. Name the endocrine glands
   5. List hormones produced by these glands
8. Identify the functions of body control systems
   1. Describe a nerve impulse
   2. Describe a reflex
   3. Describe the function of the spinal cord
   4. Identify functions associated with the special senses.
   5. Identify the functions of the major areas of the brain.
   6. Discuss the actions of the major hormones.
9. Identify the structures employed for body maintenance systems
   1. Identify components of the digestive system
   2. Name components of the respiratory system
   3. Label components of the urinary system
   4. Identify components of the cardiovascular system.
   5. Identify components of they lymphatic/immune system.
10. Identify the function of body maintenance systems
    1. Describe the function of the digestive system
    2. Describe the function of the respiratory system
    3. Describe the function of the urinary system
    4. Describe the function of the cardiovascular system.
    5. Describe the function of the lymphatic/immune system.
11. Identify the principles governing the continuity of life
    1. Outline the differences between mitosis and meiosis
    2. List the organs making up the male and female reproductive systems.
    3. Describe the events in gametogenesis.
    4. Define conception
    5. Discuss methods of birth control/contraceptive techniques.
    6. Describe the early stages of development
    7. Discuss the principles of human genetics.
    8. Discuss the principles of human genetics
12. Identify principles of evolution

BIO 164 - Essentials Anatomy/Physiology

1. Comply with safety and health rules
   1. Explain appropriate safety procedures for the laboratory
   2. Demonstrate appropriate safety procedures for the laboratory
   3. Identify the locations of safety equipment in the laboratory room.
2. Demonstrate laboratory skills.
   1. Distinguish among laboratory supplies
   2. Show competence in the use of laboratory equipment
   3. Use the metric system
   4. Demonstrate respect and care of laboratory equipment
3. Use laboratory microscopes
   1. Identify major parts of the microscope
   2. Demonstrate proper technique in the use of a microscope
   3. Demonstrate proper care of the microscope
4. Demonstrate dissection techniques
5. Identify anatomical topography
   1. Demonstrate anatomical position
   2. Identify planes used to study the body and its parts
   3. Identify directional anatomical terminology
   4. Identify regional anatomical terminology
   5. Identify body cavities
6. Relate levels of organization in the human body.
   1. Explain the structural organization of the human body
   2. Define and explain homeostasis
   3. Distinguish between the feedback mechanisms
   4. Summarize basic concepts of life chemistry
   5. Relate cellular functions
   6. Explain the functions of the primary tissues
   7. Discriminate functional interactions among levels of organization.
7. Identify functions and components of body support and movement systems.
   1. Point out the structures of the integumentary system and their functions
   2. Identify the structures of the skeleton
   3. Outline the functions of the skeleton
   4. Identify the structures of the joints and their functions
   5. Analyze the functions of joints
   6. Investigate the functions of muscles and muscle tissue
   7. Identify muscles and muscle tissue and their functions
   8. Discriminate functional interactions among levels of organization
8. Identify the structures and functions of the body control systems.
   1. Identify the structures of the nervous system.
   2. Explain the fundamentals of the nervous system.
   3. Identify the structures of nervous tissue
   4. Analyze the functions of nervous tissue
   5. Outline the functions of the central nervous system
   6. Identify the structures of the central nervous system
   7. Identify the structures of the peripheral nervous system.
   8. Relate the functions of the peripheral nervous system
   9. Identify the structures of reflex arcs.
   10. Compare reflex activities.
   11. Identify the structures of the autonomic nervous system
   12. Identify the structures of the special senses and their functions
   13. Identify the structures of the endocrine system
   14. Examine the functions of the endocrine system
   15. Discriminate function interactions among levels of organization
9. Relate the function of body maintenance systems
   1. Identify components of blood
   2. Summarize the functions of blood
   3. Identify the structures of the heart
   4. Outline the functions of the heart
   5. Identify blood vessels
   6. Discuss the functions of the blood vessels.
   7. Identify the structures of the lymphatic system
   8. Explain the functions of the lymphatic system
   9. Identify the structures of the respiratory system
   10. Illustrate the functions of the respiratory system
   11. Identify the structures of the excretory system
   12. Discuss the functions of the excretory system
   13. Identify the structures of the digestive system
   14. Summarize the functions of the digestive system
   15. Discriminate functional interactions among levels of organization
10. Identify the structures and principles involved in the continuity of human life.
    1. Identify the structures of the female reproductive system
    2. Discuss the functions of the female reproductive system
    3. Identify the structures of the male reproductive system
    4. Discuss the functions of the male reproductive system
    5. Discriminate functional interactions among levels of organization

BIO 168 - Anatomy & Physiology I

1. Describe the basic organization of the human body
   1. Explain what is meant by levels of organization
   2. Describe the locations of the major body cavities and list the organs locate within each cavity
   3. Name and locate the membranes associated with the thoracic and abdominal pelvic cavities
   4. Name the major organ systems and list the organs and functions associated with each
   5. Explain the functional characteristics of life and the required elements for maintaining life
   6. Understand the importance of regulating homeostasis in the body and identify the various methods for regulation of homeostasis
   7. Properly use the terms that describe relative positions, body sections, and body regions
2. Explain the chemical basis of life. Describe the relationships between matter, atoms, and molecules and how atoms interact
   1. Explain how molecular and structural formulas are used to symbolize the composition of compounds.
   2. Describe the types of chemical reactions
   3. Discuss the concept of pH
   4. Distinguish between anabolic and catabolic metabolism and explain how enzymes control metabolic processes
   5. Describe how energy is made available for cellular activities.
   6. Outline the general roles played in cells by various types of organic and inorganic substances
   7. Describe the general metabolic pathways of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, and explain how metabolic pathways are regulated
3. Identify the major structures of living cells and explain the major functions of each structure
   1. Describe the general characteristics of a composite cell and explain how cells differ from one another
   2. Explain how the structure of a plasma membrane is related to its function
   3. Describe each kind of cytoplasmic organelle and explain the function of each organelle
   4. Identify the components of a cell nucleus and explain their importance in cell life
   5. Explain the membrane transport processes and understand how the cell uses these processes to regulate exchanges between the cell and its environment
   6. Make a series of drawings to demonstrate the cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis.
   7. Draw an illustration of a DNA molecule and explain how the information contained in it is used to synthesize proteins
   8. Describe how DNA molecules are replicated and how they may be altered.
   9. Describe the process of protein synthesis
4. Describe the general characteristics and functions of the various types of human tissues.
   1. List the various types of epithelial tissues and explain their functions in the human body
   2. List the types of connective tissues and their functions
   3. Distinguish among the three types of muscles tissue
   4. Describe the general characteristics and functions of nervous tissue.
   5. Show how the structure of these tissues is related to their functions in the body.
5. Discuss the structure and function of the skin and the integumentary system.
   1. Describe the structure of the various layers of the skin and the general functions of each layer
   2. Describe the accessory organs associ8ated with the skin and explain their functions
   3. Explain how the skin regulates body temperature
   4. Explain how the skin, with its accessory organs, forms the integumentary system
   5. Give examples which show the importance of the integumentary system to proper body function
6. Give a detailed explanation of the structure and function of the skeletal system.
   1. Describe the general structure of a bone and list the functions of its parts.
   2. Describe the development of the skeleton and explain the effects of such factors as sunlight, nutrition, hormones, and exercise
   3. Locate and identify all the bones of the body, together with their major features.
   4. Explain how the structure of joints is used to classify them
   5. Describe the general structure of a synovial joint
   6. Use a model of a knee joint to explain the structure and function of a joint.
7. Demonstrate an understanding of the muscular system
   1. Name the major parts of a skeletal muscle giver and describe the function of each part
   2. Explain the major events that occur during muscle fiber contraction.
   3. Distinguish between fast and slow fibers, and explain oxygen debt and muscle fatigue
   4. Compare the structure and function of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles.
   5. Explain how muscles and skeleton interact to produce the complex body movements and maintain posture
   6. Locate and identify the major superficial muscles of the human body and describe their actions.
   7. Dissect a cat for comparison of muscles
8. Describe the basic anatomy of nervous tissue and explain how it functions.
   1. Describe the structure of a generalized neuron
   2. Name the types of neuroglial cells and their functions
   3. Explain how an impulse is triggered and conducted along a neuron, and how the impulse is conducted from one neuron to another
   4. Explain the terms: “resting potential”, “action potential”, and “postsynaptic potential”.
   5. Discuss the structure and classification of nerves
9. Describe the structure and functions of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
   1. Use a diagram to show how a reflex arc operates
   2. Describe the coverings of the brain and spinal cord
   3. Use a model of the spinal cord to explain its structure and major functions.
   4. Use a model of the brain to demonstrate its major parts and explain their functions
   5. List the major parts of the peripheral nervous system and describe how the system functions
   6. Name the cranial nerves and list their major functions
   7. Diagram the parts of the autonomic nervous system and explain the functions of it sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
10. Discuss the somatic and special senses: their structure, functions, and importance to life.
    1. Name five kinds of receptors and explain the function of each.
    2. Describe the receptors associated with the senses of touch and pressure, temperature, and pain
    3. Explain the importance of stretch receptors in muscles and tendons.
    4. Describe the relationship between the senses of smell and taste.
    5. Use an ear model to name its parts, and explain the function of each part.
    6. Distinguish between static and dynamic equilibrium
    7. Use an eye model to name its parts and explain the function of each part.
    8. Explain how the brain uses the eye to perceive the environment, and how depth and distance are perceived

BIO 173 - Anatomy & Physiology II

1. Understand the basic functions of the endocrine system.
   1. Name and describe the locations of the major endocrine glands of the body, and list the hormones they secrete
   2. Describe the general functions of the hormones secreted by the endocrine glands.
   3. Describe how hormones can be classified according to their chemical composition, and how steroid and nonsteroid hormones produce effects on target cells
   4. Discuss how negative feedback mechanisms control hormonal secretions.
   5. Explain how the nervous system controls hormonal secretions
2. Describe the structures and functions of blood
   1. Describe the composition and characteristics of blood
   2. List the functions of blood
   3. Describe the structure, function, and production of erythrocytes
   4. List the classes, describe the structure, and explain the functions of leukocytes.
   5. Describe the structure and function of platelets
   6. Understand the process of homeostasis
   7. Describe how the body prevents unwanted blood clotting
   8. Describe the ABO and Rh blood groups and understand their role in transfusions
3. Describe the structures of the cardiovascular system and how understand how they function
   1. Describe the shape, location, orientation, coverings, layers, chambers, and valves of the heart
   2. Trace the pathway of blood through the heart
   3. Name the major branches of coronary circulation
   4. Describe the structural and functional properties of cardiac muscle.
   5. Explain the events of the cardiac cycle and conduction system.
   6. Draw and explain an ECG
   7. Discuss the factors that regulate cardiac activity
4. Describe the structure and function of the blood vessels
   1. Compare and contrast the structure of veins and arteries
   2. Compare and contrast the structure of the various types of arteries.
   3. Describe the structure, function, and regulation of a capillary bed.
   4. Explain the relationships between blood flow, blood pressure and resistance.
   5. Explain the factors that effect blood pressure and describe how the body regulates blood pressure
   6. Describe the regulation of blood flow
   7. Explain the factors involved in capillary dynamics
   8. Locate the major veins and arteries in the body
   9. Describe the structure and function of the hepatic portal system
5. Describe the structure and function of the lymphatic system and understand it role in immunity
   1. Describe the structure, distribution, and functions of lymphatic vessels.
   2. Describe the source of lymph and the mechanisms of lymph transport
   3. Describe the structure of the major lymph organs and lymph nodes
   4. Explain the innate defenses ? surface and internal ? of the body
   5. Describe the process of inflammation.
   6. Understand the antigen-antibody system
   7. Compare and contrast the structure and function of B and T lymphocytes.
   8. Describe the role of phagocytic cells
   9. Describe humoral immunity and compare and contrast active and passive humoral immunity
   10. Explain the process of the cell-mediated response
6. Describe the structure of the respiratory system and how it functions in maintaining life.
   1. Name and describe the locations of the organs of the respiratory system.
   2. Describe the function of each organ of the respiratory system
   3. Explain how the pattern of breathing is established and maintained.
   4. Name and define each of the respiratory air volumes and capacities.
   5. Locate the respiratory center and explain how it controls breathing
   6. Explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide are absorbed and transported in the blood
   7. Explain why cells require oxygen
7. Explain the structure and functions of the urinary system
   1. Name the organs of the urinary system and list their general functions.
   2. Describe the location and structure of the kidneys
   3. Describe a nephron and explain the functions of its major parts
   4. Explain how glomerular filtrate is produced and how it is modified in the process of urine formation.
   5. Describe the structure of the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
   6. Explain how micturition is controlled
   7. Describe how the body maintains a balance of water, electrolytes, acids, and bases
8. Understand the structures and functions of the digestive system
   1. Name and describe the locations of the organs of the digestive system and their major parts
   2. Describe the general functions of each digestive organ
   3. List the enzymes the various digestive organs and glands secrete and describe the function of each
   4. Explain how movement of material through the alimentary canal is controlled.
   5. Explain how the products of digestion are absorbed
   6. List the major sources of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, and describe how these substances are utilized by cells
   7. Distinguish between vitamins and minerals and describe their functions in the body
9. Describe the structure and functions of the male and female reproductive systems.
   1. Name the parts of the reproductive systems and describe the functions of each part.
   2. Outline the processes of spermatogenesis and oogenesis, and explain their significance
   3. Explain the role of hormones in controlling the functions of these systems.
   4. Describe the major events that occur during a menstrual cycle
   5. Discuss the hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy
   6. Describe the birth process and explain the role of hormones in this process.
10. Understand the general sequence of events during prenatal development.
    1. Describe the major events that occur during the period of cleavage.
    2. Explain how the primary germ layers originate and list the structures produced by each layer
    3. Describe the formation and function of the placenta
    4. Describe the major events that occur during the fetal stage of development.
    5. Trace the general path of blood through the fetal circulatory system, and describe the major circulatory and physiological adjustments that occur in the newborn.

BIO 186 - Microbiology

1. Perform microbiological laboratory procedures.
   1. Perform all lab procedures using the safety rules of the laboratory.
   2. Demonstrate accurate use and care of laboratory microscopes including use of oil immersion.
   3. Use proper aseptic techniques in the isolation and culturing of bacteria.
   4. Perform microbiological staining procedures including the Gram and endospore stains.
   5. Perform and interpret biochemical tests and chemical media.
   6. Solve the identification of an unknown bacteria utilizing a dichotomous key.
   7. Evaluate bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics, antiseptics, and disinfectants.
   8. Analyze food or water samples for the presence of microorganisms.
   9. Demonstrate the use of microorganisms in biotechnology.
2. Distinguish between the various types of microorganisms including prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and viruses.
   1. Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells’ structures and their functions.
   2. Examine key viral concepts, including classification, structure, and replication.
   3. Classify major groups of microorganisms based on their key characteristics.
3. Analyze factors relating to growth and nutrition of microorganisms
   1. Compare and contrast environmental influences on growth of microorganisms.
   2. Compare and contrast modes of microbial nutrition.
4. Differentiate the major cellular metabolic reactions of microbial cells.
   1. Analyze the processes of glycolysis, fermentation, respiration, and photosynthesis.
   2. Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
5. Analyze genetic processes within the microbial cell.
   1. Examine the flow of genetic information within the central dogma.
   2. Distinguish between the three methods of microbial genetic recombination.
   3. Apply the use of microbes in biotechnology & genetic engineering
6. Determine the influence of microorganisms on human health.
   1. Identify specific microorganisms with their associated diseases including those seen in current health watches.
   2. Discuss the role of normal microbiota.
7. Analyze concepts relating to immunology and epidemiology.
   1. Compare and contrast innate and adaptive immunity.
   2. Examine various epidemiological topics.
   3. Correlate various epidemiological topics with infectious disease incidents.
8. Discuss major concepts in environmental and industrial microbiology.
   1. Explain cycling of elements and nutrients in the environment.
   2. Describe use of microorganisms in industrial processes.
   3. Correlate various epidemiological topics with infectious disease incidents.

BIO 191 - Intro to Biotechnology w/Lab

1. Apply the fundamental safety procedures in a laboratory environment.
   1. Identify where the emergency safety features are and how to operate them.
   2. Demonstrate how to dress appropriately for laboratory work.
   3. Demonstrate ability to properly store, handle and dispose of hazardous wastes.
   4. Demonstrate how to access information regarding the health and safety risks for chemicals used in the laboratory.
   5. Explain the importance of documentation in the laboratory.
2. Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific research, including experimental design, data collection, and reports of findings.
   1. Explain the steps involved in scientific research.
   2. Explain the difference between a hypothesis and a theory.
   3. Support important considerations for experimental design.
   4. Explain the purpose of a control within an experiment.
   5. Describe important considerations in collecting and analyzing experimental data.
3. Describe the types of careers available in biotechnology.
   1. List careers available in research and development within a biotechnology industry.
   2. List careers available in manufacturing/production within a biotechnology industry.
   3. List biotechnology-related careers available in academia and the government.
   4. Describe the educational preparation necessary for various careers involving biotechnology.
4. Examine the fundamental components of living systems.
   1. Explain the structures and components of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
   2. Describe the fundamental organic building blocks.
   3. Explain the types of cell division found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
   4. Explain the genetic basis of cancer
5. Demonstrate a general understanding of DNA structure and function.
   1. Describe the structure of DNA.
   2. Explain fundamental differences in gene expression for eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
   3. Describe the general process of DNA replication.
   4. Describe the Polymerase Chain Reaction and give examples of how it can be used.
6. Demonstrate a general understanding of protein structure and function.
   1. Describe the basic structure of amino acids
   2. Describe the 4 levels of protein structure.
   3. Define an enzyme and give examples.
7. Demonstrate an understanding of the process of cloning and discuss its use in biotechnology.
   1. Define cloning and give examples of cloning.
   2. Explain the significant events that led to the possibility of cloning foreign DNA segments.
   3. Describe what a cloning vector is and explain the general features of a plasmid as a cloning vector.
   4. Describe the major steps involved in cloning a gene into a plasmid vector.
8. Describe the use of biotechnology in agriculture and medicine.
   1. Explain the differences between selective breeding and genetic engineering.
   2. Explain how plants naturally propagate by cloning and methods of cloning plants used in the lab.
   3. List some of the plants that have been genetically engineered for use in agriculture.
   4. Describe the use of biotechnology in human medicine.
   5. Briefly describe how vaccines are produced.
   6. Describe stem cell ethics
   7. Explain the use of Bioinformatics
9. Demonstrate an ability to utilize the tools and provide documentation required for scientific research in biotechnology.
   1. Demonstrate ability to accurately measure volumes with a micropipette, pipette, and flask.
   2. Demonstrate ability to operate an analytical balance, centrifuge, and thermometer.
   3. Demonstrate ability to properly document in a laboratory notebook.
   4. Demonstrate ability to use aseptic technique.
   5. Demonstrate ability to prepare media and properly handle live organisms.
10. Demonstrate a general understanding of DNA laboratory methods.
    1. Demonstrate ability to perform a Polymerase Chain Reaction and give examples of how it can be used.
    2. Demonstrate ability to digest DNA with restriction enzymes and visualize DNA with gel electrophoresis.
    3. Demonstrate ability to analyze DNA sequence data using NCBI.
11. Demonstrate a general understanding of protein laboratory methods.
    1. Demonstrate ability to use quantitative analysis of proteins using the Bradford Method.
    2. Describe various methods for visualizing proteins.
12. Demonstrate an understanding of the process of bacterial transformation and discuss its use in biotechnology.
    1. Define transformation and give examples.
    2. Demonstrate ability to transform bacterial cells using plasmids.

BIO 225 - Marine Biology I

1. Summarize the history of marine science and ocean exploration
   1. Be able to match the following individuals to their contributions to marine science or exploration
   2. Describe the route and two important accomplishments of the first major voyage, HMS Challenger, undertaken exclusively for the purpose of investigation the nature of the ocean
   3. Arrange in proper order the steps that led to the modern day scuba systems.
   4. Arrange in proper order the historical development of marine laboratories.
   5. Arrange in proper order the historical development of submersibles.
   6. Name and locate three of the most important United States’ oceanographic institutes
   7. Highlight the career of a current nationally or internationally known marine biologist
   8. List and define the use of typical tools and instruments on board a research vessel that would be used to probe the ocean for information.
   9. After examing the classroom copy of Ed Rickett’s book, Between Pacific Tides, students will be able to explain John Steinbeck’s connection to the book.
   10. Examine the displayed marine-related artifacts from Indian, Eskimo, Aftrican, Canadian, and Polynesian cultures and state the significance of two of the artifacts to the culture
2. Examine marine navigation
   1. Summarize briefly the development of chronometer and explain its relationship to longitude
   2. Explain the concept of time zones and their origin
   3. Describe 2 methods a sailor could use to pinpoint his or her location.
   4. Interpret the latitude, longitude, direction, and depth numbers found on a nautical chart
   5. Identify six important navigational markers and flags
   6. Compare and contrast a bathymetric chart and a physiographic chart.
   7. Explain and use the appropriate tools and the compass rose on a navigational chart to plot a simple navigation course
   8. Be able to follow the intracoastal waterway on a map of the Florida Keys and be able to answer questions regarding the route
   9. Locate Arctic and Antarctic Circles, Tropics of Capricorn and Cancer, Equator, prime or Greenwich meridian, and international date line on a globe and explain why these points of reference are located where they are.
   10. Demonstrate the use of the classroom sextant
   11. Recognize the parts of the compass then calculate and complete simple orienteering courses
3. Explore ocean-related careers
   1. List and describe five major divisions of research that occur at harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute
   2. List five industries apart from research and education that employ marine biologists
   3. Define one of the possible education routes a high school graduate who is interested in marine studies should consider
4. Demonstrate understanding of underwater sign communication
   1. Using American Sign Language be able to sign and read numbers and fingerspell and read fingerspelling
   2. Recognize and perform widely used signs used in scuba.
   3. Recognize and perform 250 signs (American Sign Language, Signed English, or class-developed signs for specific marine organisms) to communicate underwater, in noisy situations, and at distances
5. Demonstrate knowledge of scuba adequate for certification
   1. Summarize anatomical description, cause, symptoms, treatment and prevention of the following - decompression sickness, nitrogen narcosis, the four overexpansion injuries, hypothermia, oxygen toxicity, and carbon monoxide poisoning, and various squeezes
   2. Calculate the partial pressures of oxygen and nitrogen.
   3. Summarize the body’s response to breathing compressed air at increased ambient pressure
   4. Understand the need to follow and practice safe diving procedures including dive planning.
   5. Explain and use the information provided by the U.S. Navy Dive Tables including decompression problems
   6. State that water requires 1000 times more heat energy to warm it than an equal volume of air and that water conducts heat away from the body 25 times more rapidly than air does
   7. Paraphrase Archimedes’ Principle and Boyle’s Law and explain their significance to the diver and how they each apply to diving mammals.
   8. Summarize the steps for a safe normal ascent and for a dependent and independent out-of-air ascent
   9. Describe the appropriate breathing pattern for SCUBA.
   10. State the three rules of SCUBA
   11. Demonstrate a working knowledge of a dive computer and how to record the information in a dive log
   12. Provide the following information when asked
   13. Fill in missing information for tables pertaining to absolute atmospheres, PSIA (pounds per square inch of air), depth, and volumes; answer word problems practicing the concepts.
   14. Explain the following terms in regard to the underwater environment; refraction, illumination, absorption, diffusion, turbidity, thermoclines, and sound
   15. Define hyperventilation and relate the impact of carbon dioxide on the respiration process
   16. Write the words for the acronym SCUBA
   17. Relate why being knowledgeable of SCUBA diving is beneficial to marine biology students and why enrolling in SCUBA courses is vital for diving safety.
   18. Define types of water currents and the potential impact on dive planning.
   19. Describe three values of a buddy team and proper buddy team functioning.
   20. List causes of panic, possible solutions and ways to avoid panic.
   21. Pass all open water scuba skills tests if certifying in scuba.
6. Examine ocean-related geology and geography
   1. Label the continents, oceans, and 64 other major water bodies (gulfs, seas, bays).
   2. List the 4 oceans from largest to smallest and average depth from deepest to shallowest
   3. Explain the relationship between plate tectonics and mid-ocean ridges, deep-sea trenches, earthquakes, and volcanoes
   4. Describe the relationship of H.M.S. Challenger, Glomar Challenger, and Alvin to findings regarding plate tectonics
   5. State the importance of index fossils
   6. Describe the impact of the most recent ice age on sea levels and marine habitats.
   7. Label major ocean features on a relief map - continental shelf, continental rise, continental slope, seamount, guyot, atoll, island, delta, trench, fracture zone, mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plain, island arc, and bay.
   8. State the maximum ocean depth and its location.
   9. Identify classroom rock samples with the appropriate geologic origins; peridotite from Gros Morne (earth?s mantle), basaltic rock (ocean floor) and granitic rocks (continental base rock), and obsidian (fast cooling lava).
   10. List several sources and components of the inorganic and organic sediments on the ocean floor
   11. Explain why the ocean does not get saltier and saltier and include at least 3 ways in which salt is naturally removed from seawater.
7. Summarize water properties
   1. Define and give examples of the following forms of heat transfer: conduction, radiation and convection
   2. Look at a map of geographic variations of surface ocean salinities and analyze why certain locations are high or low
   3. Compare the average specific gravity of seawater to that of the classroom marine aquariums
   4. Recognize the major and minor ions of seawater and list six of the major seven.
   5. Identify on a map the major marine climatic zones; polar, subpolar, temperate, subtropical, and tropical
   6. Describe the impact of the dissolved gases, acid/base buffering, and dissolved nutrients found in seawater and run some of the related test for these items.
   7. List and describe the major physical and chemical features of seawater that change markedly from the sea surface downward
   8. List and describe the major physical and chemical features of seawater that change markedly as one proceeds form the equator to the poles.
   9. List 3 properties of seawater which change with salinity variations, and indicate how those properties change as salinity increases
   10. Define thermocline, halocline, pycnocline
   11. Explain the different ocean zones based on physical characteristics such as water temperature, water depth, available light, and tidal exposure.
   12. State the biological importance of the following properties of water; boiling point, freezing point, surface tension, capillary action, viscosity, density of solid, latent heat of evaporation, latent heat of freezing, solvent power, and heat capacity
   13. explain what is meant by pH and why our marine aquariums have a pH ranging from about 8.2-8.4
   14. Summarize the impact of global warming on the earth’s oceans.
8. Demonstrate understanding of wind and water movement.
   1. Identify causes of waves and parts of waves (height, length, crest, trough, and interval)
   2. Explain high energy waves, low energy waves, surf, breakers, surge, wave train (wave series) and the potential implications for divers and marine life.
   3. Explain causes and a potential impact of the following currents: tidal, rip, alongshore, countercurrent, gyres, major surface currents, continental boundary currents, deepwater currents, El Nino, upwelling and downwelling.
   4. Trace the probable path of a bottle tossed in the ocean along the coast of one country and months or years later arriving on the coast of another country (i.e. Peru to Norway
   5. Explain the causes of high and low tides including spring and neap tides.
   6. Be able to understand and graph tide tables as well as explain whether the tides are diurnal, mixed diurnal or semidiurnal.
   7. Identify the type of tide that occurs on each coastline of the U.S.
   8. Summarize the Coriolis effect on winds and water, including Ekmar spiral and transport
   9. Be able to appropriately label the following on a diagram of wind circulation: high and low pressure areas, doldrums, polar easterlies, westerlies, horse latitudes, and trade winds
   10. Explain the seasonal water column changes exhibited in temperate and polar seas and the positive impacts of these changes.
   11. Define a tsunami, identify its causes, state examples of its effects, and explain ho a potential warning system would work
   12. Explain two or more impacts of the fact that land heats and cools faster than water.
   13. Introduce the idea of beaches that appear and disappear with the seasons due water transport
   14. Examine several different samples of beach sand, pebbles, and rocks and then be able to hypothesize something about their origin and the shore conditions in which they were found
   15. Explain the role of alongshore currents and winds in the formation of barrier islands and sand dunes such as those found in Florida.
   16. Draw, label and compare a tidal curve representing a typical lunar day on the gulf coast of Florida and the East Coast of Florida.
9. Demonstrate knowledge of the following general biology information.
   1. State that organic compounds are chemicals that contain carbon and hydrogen and that the main types of organic compounds are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
   2. Provide 2 examples of use in any marine organisms for each the 4 main organic compounds.
   3. Compare and contrast photosynthesis and respiration.
   4. Explain that energy released from organic matter by respiration is used to make ATP, the “energy currency” of life
   5. Define primary production as the net gain in organic matter that occurs when autotrophs photosynthesize more than they respire
   6. State that primary production requires nutrients, as well as light and that nitrogen and phosphorus are usually the most important nutrients for plant growth in the ocean
   7. Compare and contrast prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, plant cells and animal cells
   8. Match the appropriate function to the correct cell organelle.
   9. List and briefly define each of the five levels of organization from cell through to organism
   10. Summarize challenges of life in the sea.
   11. Define diffusion as the movement of ions and molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
   12. State that osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
   13. Define and give examples of asexual reproduction
   14. Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis
   15. State that the eggs and sperm are the female and male gametes, respectively, and that their fusion (sexual reproduction) forms a zygote that becomes a genetically distinct individual.
   16. Describe the relationship of natural selection to evolution as follows. Natural selection occurs when some members of a population survive and reproduce more successfully than others. Evolution is the genetic change in the population that results because
   17. Explain species as a population of organisms that share common characteristics, can breed with each other, and are reproductively isolated from other populations
   18. Explain the origin and significance of biological taxonomy.
   19. List the eight main parts of the taxonomic scheme
   20. List the 3 domains and their corresponding kingdoms and give examples of organisms that belong to each of the 6 kingdoms
   21. Know the parts comprising a scientific name, the importance of a scientific name, and the origination of the binomial naming system.
   22. Construct and use a couplet identification key.
10. Examine the organization of communities
    1. Identify the biotic and abiotic, factors found within a community.
    2. Examine the ways abiotic factors nutrients, salinity, pressure, sunlight, temperature, and wastes (relate to aquariums) - in the environment affect distribution of marine organisms
    3. Explain why, if populations are capable of explosive growth, growth is usually limited
    4. Use the terms “limiting resource” and “competitive exclusion” correctly in explaining competition between two species
    5. Define ecological niche and describe the niche of a marine organism.
    6. Explain how predation affects the numbers of both predator and prey.
    7. Define and give and example of each of the three kinds of symbiosis-parasitism, commensalisms, and mutualism
11. Examine the flow of energy and materials.
    1. Explain how energy and materials are passed from one trophic level to another along a food chain or food web and state that the first level is occupied by primary producers, the other levels by consumers
    2. Be able to diagram a marine food web and food chain.
    3. Explain why only about 10% of the energy and organic matter in one trophic level is passed to the next higher level.
    4. Know that waste organic mater that is dissolved in the water is called dissolved organic matter (DOM) and that detritus consists of non-living, solid organic matter and the decomposers that break it down.
    5. Explain why the rate of primary production is usually measured in light and dark bottles. Explain also why changes in the oxygen or carbon dioxide level in the light bottle indicate both photosynthesis and respiration, where as changes in the dark bottle
    6. State that the standing stock of phytoplankton is the total amount of phytoplankton in the water column and that it is usually determined by measuring the chlorophyll concentration
    7. State that nitrogen fixation is the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen gas into a form that organisms can use and that it is performed by certain cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and other bacteria.
    8. Summarize nature’s recycling of materials such as water, carbon, nitrogen (relate to aquariums), and phosphorus
12. Describe biological zonation of the marine environment
    1. Explain the differences between benthos, plankton, and nekton.
    2. Compare and contrast phytoplankton and zooplankton, meroplankton and holoplankton
    3. Locate on a diagram of the marine environments each of the following: intertidal (littoral) and subtidal (sublittoral) zones; high and low tide marks; bathyl, abyssal, and hadal zones; neritic, pelagic, and oceanic zones; and epipelagic, mesopelagic, bath
13. Examine viruses
    1. Explain why most biologists do not consider viruses to be alive.
    2. Summarize the primary roll viruses play in the marine envrionment.
    3. Explain the difference between a lytic and a lysgenic life cycle.
    4. Define seston and explain how it resembles carbon filters in the aquariums.
    5. Summarize at least 3 ways in which marine viral populations are controlled.
14. Examine marine bacteria
    1. List several of the ecological rolls of marine bacteria.
    2. State how they reproduce and the two most common shapes.
    3. Know that cyanobacteria account for a major proportion of the production of organic matter and oxygen in the seas and that Prochlorococcus is presumed to be the most abundant life form in the ocean.
    4. Explain the roll of chlorophyll a and b and of the accessory pigments (carotenoids and phycobilins).
    5. Contrast aerobic and anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria.
    6. Define what is meant by autotrophic, chemosynthetic bacteria.
    7. Elaborate on roles of heterotrophic bacteria in recycling nutrients using the following terms: osmotrophy, exoenzymes, consolidation, lithification, sedimentation, and marine snow
    8. Draw a nitrogen cycle including nitrogen fixation and nitrification and relate it not only to the environment but to the aquariums
    9. Summarize two symbiotic relationships involving bacteria.
    10. Examine some of the symptoms and treatments for some of the common bacterial diseases of aquarium fish
15. Examine Archaea
    1. Compare and contrast bacteria and Archaeans
    2. List some of the extreme environments in which Archaeans are found.
    3. Explain what a methanogen is.
    4. Know that some are photosynthetic, heterotrophic, and chemosynthetic.
16. Examine fungi
    1. Identify some of the common symptoms and treatments of fungal diseases in marine aquarium animals
    2. List at least three characteristics of fungi
    3. Explain why the study of marine fungi was impeded.
    4. Know the most common marine fungi is sac fungi and that some are decomposers and some are pathogens
    5. Describe a lichen and its environment.
    6. Be able to distinguish lichens of several different growth forms from pictures and samples of similar appearing organisms displayed.
17. Examine stramenopiles.
    1. Illustrate using assorted sizes of Petri dishes the asexual reproduction of diatoms and then continue to explain the sexual reproduction.
    2. Describe the ecological rolls of planktonic and benthic diatoms.
    3. List and describe the physical and chemical factors that initiate the spring and fall diatom blooms in temperate oceans.
    4. name uses of diatomaceous earth.
    5. Explain diatoms role in our energy reserves.
    6. Summarize how some labyrinth morphs are helpful in seagrass beds and others are harmful.
    7. Identify microscope slides or pictures of diatoms or silicoflagellates and know the shell or frustules being identified are composed largely of cilica.
18. Examine haptophytes.
    1. Identify a slide or picture of a coccolithophore and know plates are calcareous.
    2. Summarize the ecological role of coccolithophores.
    3. Discuss the differences between sediments made of diatoms and sediments made of coccolithophores and how these sediments and their formation help researchers determine what ocean conditions were like in the past.
19. Examine alveolates.
    1. Identify a typical planktonic dinoflagellate via slide or picture.
    2. Summarize two ecological roles of dinoflagellates.
    3. Describe a symbiotic relationship of zooxanthellae.
    4. Explain the cause and environmental and economic impacts of a red tide.
    5. Explain the cause and environmental and economic impact of paralytic shellfish poisoning.
    6. Explain ciguatera.
    7. State the cause of the faint glow seen when marine waters are disturbed.
    8. List adaptations phytoplanktonic diatoms and dinoflagellates have to slow their sinking rates.
    9. Explain adaptations dinoflagellates possess that permit them to succeed in warm waters where diatoms do not thrive.
    10. Describe the use and arrangement of a ciliate?s cilia.
    11. Summarize some ecological roles of ciliates.
20. Compare choanoflagellates to sponges.
21. Examine amoeboid protozoans.
    1. Compare and contrast foraminiferans with radiolarians with emphasis on structure and ecological roles.
    2. Distinguish from microscope slides and pictures foraminiferans and radiolarians.
    3. Explain the geologic origin of the classroom samples from the White Cliffs of Dover.
    4. Summarize the symbiotic relationship between foraminiferans and zooxanthellae.
22. Explore multicellular algae.
    1. Explain why macroalgae are placed in the same kingdom as photosynthetic diatoms and dinoflagellates
    2. Compare the significance of the marine phytoplankton in the marine ecosystem with other primary producers.
    3. Explain life cycles and label structural and reproductive features of a green, brown and red algae.
    4. Summarize the ecological and economic importance of the following algae communities: kelp forests (California), goniolithon shoal (Rodriquez Key), and Sargasso Sea (Atlantic).
    5. Account for the relatively small contribution that seaweeds are thought to make to the total marine plant production system.
    6. Relate three or more examples of economic importance for each major division of algae.
    7. Sample several food products made with algae or its derivatives and identify at least 10 others commonly found in grocery stores.
    8. Make at least one statement a bout the general distribution of macroscopic algaes in regard to each of these abiotic factors; light, depth, temperature, fresh water, saltwater, low tide exposure, and climatic conditions.
    9. Identify two biotic environmental factors that influence the distribution of seaweeds.
    10. Identify the chlorophyll pigments in the three macroalgae phylums.
    11. Recognize the different ways food is stored in the different divisions of algae.
    12. Define coenocytic algae and give some examples of these algae.
    13. Explain some of the problems and dangers of the released Caulerpa taxifolia.
    14. Summarize how the calcium carbonate found in the cells of several green and red algae protect the alga and how each respectively benefits a coral reef.
23. Examine marine Anthophyta.
    1. List the general characteristics of flowering plants and observe the vascular tissues of monocots and dicots under the microscope.
    2. Identify an advantage the newer methods for measuring primary productivity have over the earlier methods; radioactive carbon over oxygen evolution, satellite-borne sea surface color scanners over radioactive carbon.
    3. Study pictures, herbarium cards, preserved and live specimens, to learn to identify by genus and/or common names; anthophyta - sea grasses (5); mangroves (4); saltmarsh grasses (3); grasses, sedges and rushes in general; and common Florida dune plants (8)
    4. Explain and label structural and reproductive features of the following anthophyta- red mangrove, black mangrove, and white mangrove.
    5. Explain and label structural and reproductive features of a typical seagrass.
    6. Contrast and compare the adaptations mangroves - red, black, and white ? have to survive in their harsh environments and how these adaptations impact their location along a shoreline.
    7. State some of the difficulties sea grasses had to overcome to live in their marine environments and explain the adaptations they have evolved to survive these harsh conditions.
    8. Relate why fertilizer runoff from lawns and farms leads to growth for algaes but decline in seagrass beds.
    9. Compare and contrast the herbaceous plants of the salt marsh to those of the sand dunes.
    10. Summarize the ecological and economic importance of the following plant communities; salt marshes, seagrass beds, mangrove swamps, and sand dunes.
24. Classify invertebrates and tunicates by sight and begin to examine lower animal phylums.
    1. Place into phylums numerous examples (living, preserved and photographed) of porifera, cnidarians, ctenophores, nematodes, flatworms, ribbon worms, peanut worms, annelids, mollusks, bryozoans, arthropods, echinoderms, and tunicates.
    2. Identify sponges, most echinoderms, and tunicates to class and representatives of the following to order or even family; cnidarians, echinoids, arthropods, and mollusks.
    3. Upon viewing a specimen or picture identify commonly seen Caribbean invertebrates and tunicates by common names: 20 porifera, 40 cnidarians (not corals), 15 ctenophores, 6 flatworms, 1 ribbon worm, 26 annelids, 60 mollusks, 50 common Florida shells (inclu
    4. Use a microscope and/or dissection to identify and compare (within phylums and between phylums), the form and function of external and internal anatomical features of these organisms; sponges (4), hydrozoans (6), scyphozoans (2), anthozoans (3), ctenophor
    5. Perform oral and/or written tests to discern the fulfillment of objective 24.4.
    6. State 2 or more general characteristics of porifera, cnidarians, ctenophores, flatworms, nematodes, ribbon worms, peanut worms, and annelids.
    7. State the means of reproduction of the animals in 24.6 and while looking at diagrams, explain the embryonic and larval stages of a representative sponge, hydrozoan, scyphozoan, anthozoan, and annelid.
    8. Explain the feeding process in porifera, cnidarians, ctenophores, and selected worm phylums.
    9. Explain the survival advantages wormlike body forms have for mud and sand dwellers.
    10. Explain the ecological roles of the organisms in 24.8.
25. Demonstrate laboratory skills, field techniques and appropriate water.
    1. Perform basic water safety and snorkeling skills.
    2. Have the basics to develop underwater sign language communication.
    3. Maintain a saltwater aquarium.
    4. Can identify and properly treat several nutrition, sanitation, and disease problems in controlled ecosystems.
    5. Run and interpret basic water quality tests - pH, CO2, ammonia, nitrogen, nitrate, and specific gravity, O2.
    6. Perform systematic dissections for the purposes of comparative anatomy.
    7. Record daily scientific logs of aquariums or research project.
    8. Use basic scuba and marine biology instruments to obtain necessary data and information and record and interpret it properly.
    9. Construct charts and graphs from measured or given data.
    10. Interpret data from charts and graphs and make generalizations.
    11. Use observation skills for purposes of identification and determination of an organism?s possible ecological niche.
    12. Develop hypotheses from basic data and devise methods to test them.
    13. Use scientific methods for devising experiments which have controls and variables.
    14. Communicate organized information graphically, in writing or orally, utilizing appropriate vocabulary
    15. Follow safety rules in the laboratory, at the pool, and in open water.
    16. Apply scientific concepts, theories, and laws to given situations.
    17. Properly utilize, maintain and care for laboratory equipment.
    18. Critically analyze both sides of a controversial issue.
    19. Substantiate their opinions with concrete evidence.
    20. Improve the ability to memorize and/or understand biological terms.
    21. Use correctly basic water sampling and specimen-collecting equipment (nets, seines, dredges, secchi disks, oxygen meters, etc.).
    22. Make wet mounts and use binocular and monocular microscopes effectively.
    23. Tie simple seaman knots and interpret navigational maps and markers.
    24. Plot a simple navigational course.
26. Describe attitudinal objectives.
    1. Appreciate the importance of the ocean in the world ecosystem.
    2. Appreciate the impact the ocean has in our every day lives.
    3. Appreciate the impact of the ocean in the world economy.
    4. Appreciate and respect the diversity of the natural world.
    5. Appreciate the value of critical thinking.
    6. Appreciate that science is a way of looking at the order of the universe.
    7. Appreciate the value of scientific and technological developments and apply them to life situations.
    8. Respect the knowledge and skill required to safely enter the marine environment.
    9. Appreciate how much there is yet to learn about the marine worlds.
    10. Appreciate the environment and want to conserve and preserve it.
    11. Appreciate the variety of sciences and technologies that are required to adequately study the marine world.

BIO 227 - Marine Biology II

1. Examine invertebrate phylums and lower chordate phylums not examined extensively in Marine Biology I.
   1. Review the classification of invertebrates presented in Marine Biology I.
   2. Use a microscope and/or dissection to identify and compare (within phylums and between phylums), the form and function of external and internal anatomical features of these organisms; bryozoans (2), brachiopod (1), bivalves (4), gastropods (1), chitons (1
   3. Compare and contrast respiration, excretion, circulation, digestion, sensory perception, locomotion, any defense mechanisms, skeletal support (as appropriate), and reproduction in the animal groups listed in objective 1.2.
   4. Perform oral and/or written tests to discern the fulfillment of objectives 1.2 and 1.3.
   5. Summarize the method(s) of reproduction and recognize representative stages of life cycles for most of the animal groups listed in objective 1.2.
   6. List and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the rigid arthropod exoskeleton in comparison to the fluid hydrostatic skeleton of annelid worms.
   7. Identify and compare the survival advantages and disadvantages an animal with radial body symmetry has over an animal with bilateral symmetry.
   8. Explain the ecological roles of the organisms in 1.2.
   9. Hypothesize why many critical sense organs are concentrated in the head region of “higher” animals rather than in other parts of their bodies.
   10. Summarize information about Chaetognatha including food sources and ecological niche.
2. Examine marine fishes.
   1. Be able to label the parts, markings, scale types, and tail shapes of fish.
   2. Recognize at least 65 families of common Caribbean cartilaginous and bony fishes and identify their ecological niche.
   3. Identify 180-250 commonly sighted Caribbean reef fish by their common names.
   4. Look at the shape, mouthy parts, coloration pattern, and tail shape of an unknown fish and hypothesize its potential home environment, ecological niche, life style, and swimming speed.
   5. Describe three characteristics of fish living in each of the three photic zones.
   6. Explain three different methods of buoyancy control.
   7. Explain the location and function of a countercurrent blood vessel system in tuna.
   8. Describe the structural and physiological differences that allow a greater work output from the red muscle of fish than from a similar amount of white muscle.
   9. Discuss and compare the life cycles and migratory patterns of European eels and sockeye salmon.
   10. Define and explain the advantages of the following reproductive strategies in fish; oviparous, ovoviviparous, viviparous, sex transformation, simultaneous hermaphrodite, protogynous and protandrous sequential hermaphrodites, “polygamy”, pelagic spawners,
   11. List two adaptive advantages of schooling.
   12. Explain some of the sensory receptors fish have to monitor dissolved chemicals, sound vibrations, light intensity, color, their own body orientations, and weak electric and magnetic fields.
   13. Explain colors, color changes, and coloration strategies in fish.
   14. Use a microscope and/or dissection to identify and compare the form and function of external and internal anatomical features of these fish: lamprey, bony fish (3-4 species), and cartilaginous fish (3-4 species).
   15. Compare and contrast respiration, excretion, circulation, digestion, sensory perception, swimming, skeletal support, and reproduction in the fish listed in objective 2.14.
   16. Perform oral and/or written tests to discern the fulfillment of objectives 2.14 and 2.15.
   17. Explain the ecological roles of the fish in 2.14.
   18. List two reasons for migrations and four navigational cues used by migrating fish.
3. Examine marine tetrapods
   1. List the three classes of air-breathing marine tetrapods.
   2. Arrange classes of Chordata in order of increasing advancement or complexity.
   3. Hypothesize why amphibians cannot survive in a marine environment.
   4. Use a microscope and dissection to identify and compare the form and function of external and internal anatomical features of these organisms: bony fish, snake, turtle, bird, and mink.
   5. Compare and contrast respiration, excretion, circulation, digestion, sensory perception, locomotion, skeletal support and reproduction in the animal groups listed in objective 3.4.
   6. Explain the ecological roles of the organisms in 3.4.
4. Examine marine reptiles.
   1. Identify advances reptiles have over fish and amphibians and explain their relevance regarding marine reptiles abilities to survive on land and in the marine environment.
   2. Compare and contrast the anatomy and adaptations of saltwater turtles to freshwater turtles.
   3. Identify common names of the seven marine turtles and where they are most commonly found.
   4. Discuss the similarities and differences in diets of the marine turtles.
   5. Summarize the health problems turtles at the Marathon and Juno turtle hospitals are encountering.
   6. Summarize reproduction in marine turtles and include information on migrations.
   7. Explain the functioning of TEDs (Turtle Exclusion Devices).
   8. List several dangers other than fishing and hunting that sea turtles encounter.
   9. Compare and contrast the anatomy, habitats, special adaptations, reproductive cycles, and ecological niches of the American alligator and crocodile.
   10. Name two saltwater crocodiles other that the American crocodile.
   11. Summarize the feeding habits and special adaptations the marine iguanas of the Galapagos exhibit
   12. Compare and contrast marine snakes with land snakes.
   13. Describe the feeding and reproductive habits of sea snakes.
   14. Identify 6 of the more common sea snakes from pictures.
   15. Describe the sexual dimorphic characteristics of sea turtles, the marine iguana and a crocodilian.
5. Examine seabirds and shorebirds.
   1. Identify eight bird species seen in Iowa that are also commonly seen in estuaries or along ocean shores and identify 14 additional birds that can be seen in Florida.
   2. List at least 3 characteristics other than coloration, of any particular bird that might be helpful in identifying the bird.
   3. Look at 3 unknown birds and determine, based on their anatomical features, their potential ecological niches and habitats.
   4. List adaptations birds have for flight.
   5. List adaptations seabirds have for dealing with the salt in the seawater.
   6. Summarize the characteristics, diets, and nesting habits of each of the following groups of birds; shorebirds, gulls and relatives; pelicans, cormorants, and relatives; tubenoses; and penguins.
   7. Compare and contrast puffins and penguins.
   8. Describe the feeding habits and breeding habits of the white pelicans that migrate through Iowa.
   9. Describe the migratory habits of the cormorants that pass through Iowa.
   10. Design a time and energy budget lab for analyzing bird behavior and energy requirements.
   11. Compare and contrast the health problems encountered by birds housed at Iowa wildlife rehabilitation centers to those of Florida rehabilitation centers.
   12. Be able to identify the main types of bird feathers and describe or demonstrate how to appropriately clip a bird?s wing feathers to prevent flight.
6. Examine marine mammals.
   1. Summarize the characteristics of mammals.
   2. Other than shape, list and explain four adaptations of diving marine mammals.
   3. Describe some obvious sexually dimorphic characteristics exhibited by mature elephant seals, fur seals, walruses, killer whales, and polar bears.
   4. Excluding insulating fat, list and explain two adaptations of a pinniped, and otter, a polar bear, and a whale that prevent heat loss.
   5. Compare the reproductive cycle of a selected pinniped to that of a migratory whale.
   6. Be able to identify by common names 3 sirenians, 12 pinnipeds, 12 toothed whales, and 8 baleen whales.
   7. List two or more structural features that distinguish each of the following marine mammal groups from the others; baleen whales and toothed whales, seals and sea lions, seals and walrus, dolphins and porpoises, dugongs and manatees, sirenians and pinniped
   8. Explain echolocation, its capabilities and uses.
   9. Be able to describe several of the behaviors observed in whales; spy hopping, slapping, bubble netting, and breaching.
   10. Select three different whales and compare their feeding styles.
   11. Explain how human?s activites have had negative impacts on the populations of each of the following; manatees, sea otters, stellar sea lions, and right whales.
   12. Know the distribution and dominant foods of sea otters, river otters, eared seals, true seals, walrus, sirenians, polar bears, toothed whales, and baleen whales. Name two marine mammals that feed on other homeotherms.
7. Explore intertidal communities.
   1. Review the causes of tides and what spring tides and neap tides are.
   2. Define what is meant by the intertidal zone.
   3. Identify some of the challenges of organisms that live in the intertidal zone.
   4. Define and label the following zones; splash, supralittoral, littoral, infralittoral (subtidal), supralittoral fringe, midlittoral, and infralittoral fringe.
   5. Describe characteristics of the zones listed above for temperature and tropical rocky shores and temperature and tropical sandy shores.
   6. Identify from examples organisms that would appropriate for selected zones of temperate and tropical rocky shores and temperate and tropical sandy shores.
   7. Compare and contrast the main features of temperate and topical rocky shores.
   8. Compare and contrast temperate and tropical sandy shores.
   9. Compare and contrast the challenges and characteristics, such as species diversity, of communities that live in the upper, middle, and lower intertidal zones of rocky shores and sandy beaches.
   10. List challenges facing tide pool communities.
   11. Describe 4 or 5 different strategies invertebrates and algaes evolved in order to survive on rocky shores that have high wave action.
   12. Explain why and how temperate east coast and west coast rocky shore intertidal communities differ.
   13. List abiotic and biotic factors that have an impact on distribution of organisms on a rocky shore.
   14. Define meiofauna and describe factors that affect its distribution and populations.
   15. Define vertical zonation of intertidal sandy habitats and explain the different zones that would exist.
   16. Explain how filter-feeding mole crabs and coquinas respond to tidal movements.
8. Describe estuarine environments.
   1. Describe the different geological types of estuaries.
   2. Explain the general circulation of an estuary.
   3. Define the terms pertaining to an organism’s tolerance to changes in salinity and internal osmotic pressure; osmotic conformers, osmoregulators, isotonic, stenohaline, and euryhaline.
   4. Explain the basic features and draw a food web for each of the following estuaries; saltmarshes, mangrove communities, mud flats, seagrass beds, and oyster reefs.
   5. List important contributions of estuaries.
   6. Describe physical characteristics and dominant flora and fauna of six Everglade habitats.
   7. Explain several ways man has had significant impact on Everglades’ vegetation, wildlife, and water flow.
   8. List 8 organisms that would commonly be seen growing on the prop roots of a Florida red mangrove.
   9. Select an animal from each habitat listed in 8.4 and describe special adaptations it has evolved for surviving in its respective habitat.
   10. Compare and contrast the productivity of seagrass beds, mangrove communities, and salt marshes.
9. Examine coral reefs.
   1. Describe the characteristics and formation of these coral reefs; atoll, fringing, barrier, patch, and bank.
   2. Explain how the atolls of the Caribbean differ from those of the Pacific.
   3. Label the major life zones of a Caribbean coral reef and an indo-Pacific coral reef.
   4. Describe three types of symbiosis - mutualism, commensalisms, and parasitism- found on the reef and give an example of each.
   5. List three functions for the bright colors of coral reef fish.
   6. Describe a typical reef-forming coral and list the requirements for its reproduction and survival.
   7. Compare and contrast the anatomy, life cycle, asexual and sexual reproductive methods of a coral polyp with that of an anemone.
   8. Explain the significance of hermatypic corals to a tropical reef and describe their symbiotic relationship with the zooxanthellae typically found in their tissues.
   9. Differentiate the roles green calcareous algae and red encrusting coralline algae play in the reef ecosystem.
   10. Summarize the destructive (bioerosion) and constructive phases of a reef cycle
   11. Upon viewing a specimen or picture identify commonly seen Caribbean hydrocorals, gorgonians, stony corals, and black corals by common names or in some instances growth forms as using the Humann Reef Coral book as a guide.
   12. Explain how nutrient-poor tropical waters can host an ecosystem as productive as a coral reef.
   13. Elaborate on how corals compete with each other and with other reef species for space and light.
   14. Describe several biotic and abiotic threats to the reef, including natural phenomena, diseases, and impact of humans.
   15. Identify ecological roles of the coral reef.
   16. Relate some of the adaptations reef dwellers have evolved to survive in the highly competitive reef community.
10. Examine life in the benthic and neritic zones of the continental shelves.
    1. Explain why continental shelves are so productive.
    2. Compare and contrast the communities that would live on a course sediments in moderately moving water versus fine sediments in weak currents.
    3. Discuss the advantages of organisms living on solid bottom substrates rather than on mud or sand.
    4. Draw a benthic food web and identify the fact that detritus is the basis of the web.
    5. Explain some of the environmental impacts people?s activities have had on kelp beds.
    6. Describe a kelp bed community and list organisms expected to be found there.
    7. Locate on a world map where the major kelp communities are.
    8. Summarize the growth patterns of Laminaria and Macrocystis.
    9. Explain how the dwindling number of otters on west coast of the US and over harvesting of lobsters on the east coast of Canada had a negative impact on kelp.
    10. List various feeding methods of benthic animals and relate those methods to the type of substrate the animals occupy.
    11. Describe how anoxic layers of sediment exposed by landslides or erosion become recolonized.
    12. Compare and contrast the waters over a coral reef to most neritic coastal waters.
    13. Summarize the ecological and survival advantages of planktonic larval stages for benthic animals living in shallow water.
    14. List the major factors that influence the vertical distribution of intertidal plant and animal species.
    15. Describe the causes of patchiness in a hard-bottom community and in a soft-bottom community.
    16. Draw a couple neritic food chains.
    17. State that copepods are the most abundant form of zooplankton.
    18. Explain how a trophic pyramid for the neritic zone differs from the typical trophic pyramid presented in ecology units.
    19. List 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of broadcast spawning by shallow-water benthic animals.
    20. Hypothesize the impact of global warming on the ecosystems of the neritic zones.
11. Examine life in the open ocean.
    1. List five characteristics of the pelagic environments.
    2. Compare and contrast abiotic and biotic characteristics of the oceanic zone with the neritic zone.
    3. Explain 5 different ways to classify plankton (taxonomic, size, spatial, life history, and functional) and explain the terms associated with each method.
    4. Summarize the cause of vertical migration and its relationship to the deep scattering layers.
    5. Explain how a marine snow community might be considered a whole ecosystem.
    6. Explain how countershading works for tish and why the mollusks, Janthina and Glaucus have reverse countershading.
    7. Describe at least one example of megaplankton from each of the following phylums or subphylum: Cnidaria, Mollusca, and Urochordata.
    8. Compare and contrast the reproduction of a benthic carpet shark to that of an open water shark and the general reproductive strategies of bony fish to that of the open water shark.
    9. Describe at least 4 adaptations tuna have for living in the open ocean.
    10. Explain why the largest shark, ray, and mammal are planktivores instead of piscivores.
    11. Summarize the adaptations of the yellow-bellied snake has evolved for life as part of the nekton.
    12. Elaborate on the two ways locomotion and reduction of sinking rates organisms of the open ocean remain afloat.
    13. Explain how a tropic pyramid for the open ocean zone differs from the typical trophic pyramid of the neritic ocean.
    14. List ways animals of the open ocean avoid predation.
    15. Create 3 food chains of the open ocean each of a different length.
    16. Recognize that viroplankton is the most abundant plankton and be able to explain how it both benefits and impedes the production of biomass in the photic zone.
    17. Describe how temperature and light intensity change a long the sea surface from the equator poleward and from the sea surface near the equator downward to 1000 meters.
    18. Explain three adaptations and a sample food chain for animals living in the mesopelagic zone
    19. List three different feeding mechanisms for zooplankton.
12. Examine life in the deep sea.
    1. Summarize some of the ways the deep ocean has been and is being explored
    2. Explain why early biologists assumed life did not exist in the deep ocean.
    3. List adaptations deep-sea animals have for coping with pressure and cold and explain the advantages these adaptations provide the animals over animals that live in the photic zone.
    4. Describe the roles bioluminescence plays in the lives of deep-sea animals.
    5. Contrast the tubular eye of a deep-sea fish to a spheroid eye and explain the advantages of the tubular eye.
    6. Describe the reproductive strategy and life cycle of the deep-sea angler fish.
    7. Recount some of the adaptations deep-sea animals have for finding food.
    8. State what is known about deep-sea squid.
    9. Defend biologists’ theory that many deep-sea animals have not changed for millions of years.
    10. Describe and coelacanth and explain the significance of its discovery.
    11. Explain what food sources exist for the benthic communities and construct a typical food chain.
    12. Compare and contrast abiotic and biotic characteristics of hydrothermal vent communities and cold-water seepage vent communities.
    13. Give examples of animals lacking digestive systems or possessing only a rudimentary digestive system and then explain how these animals derive their nutrition.
    14. Explain what is unusual about the food chain for animals found in deep-sea hot springs.
13. Describe polar habitats and ecosystems.
    1. Explain adaptations each of the following has to survive in polar environments; polar bear, penguin, Weddell seal, walrus, plankton, beluga whale, and Antarctic fish.
    2. Describe advantages the phytoplankton and zooplankton of the Arctic have over thos of the tropics during the summer months.
    3. Draw a food web using krill as the starting organism.
    4. Describe some of the observations that have been made of invertebrates and fishes of the Antarctic such as size, age, reproductive cycle, or anatomical adaptations and compare these to those of deep-sea animals.
    5. Summarize some of the negative impacts humans have had on the Antarctic habitats.
    6. Compare and contrast environmental concerns in Arctic with those in the Antarctic.
14. Summarize significant information pertaining to fisheries.
    1. Define what is meant by maximum sustainable yield.
    2. State two examples of overexploitation of living marine resources that were followed by a collapse of the stocks.
    3. Describe three ways in which human efforts to increase food production on land have reduced the potential yields of food from the sea.
    4. Explain why feeding livestock with commercial catch is not an efficient use of this resource.
    5. List three structural or behavioral features of anchovy, herring and other clupeoid fish that explain why they account for such a large portion of the total world fish catch.
    6. Explain the how fish populations are monitored and sustainable yields are determined.
    7. Summarize problems that occur from overfishing.
    8. Explain how overfishing is being addressed and some of the challenges those efforts are facing.
    9. List three specific biological reasons why the oceans, which cover over 70% of earth?s surface and account for 90% of life on earth, produce only about 1% of the total human food supply.
    10. Identify one physical, chemical, biological, and economic factor implicated in the statement that most of the world?s important fishing areas are located in relatively shallow water, especially along western coasts of continents.
    11. Describe these different methods of fishing ? purse seine, longline, trawl or dredge, and drift net ? focusing on how they work, which fisheries use these methods, pros and cons of the methods, and any adaptations that have made the method more environmen
    12. Describe three reasons why the Florida commercial fishermen feel the recent government regulations are unfair.
    13. Explain the tragedy of open access.
    14. Summarize some international efforts that have attempted to regulate fisheries.
    15. State the distance for the United Nations sanctioned Exclusive Economic zone for coastal nations.
    16. Explain how the existences of guano birds, Peruvian anchovies, El Nino, and fishing are interrelated.
    17. Explain why right, bowhead and gray whales were the most hunted whales in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries but late in the nineteenth and into the twentieth century other whales became popular to hunt.
    18. Describe why environmentalists are still concerned about the dolphin-tuna controversies.
    19. Explain the controversies regarding turtle-exclusion devises (TEDs).
    20. Explain why the United Nations tried to ban all drift netting by 1992 and why the attempts were unsuccessful.
    21. Summarize the impacts human intervention has had on the salmon fisheries and on mollusk and crustacean fisheries.
15. Explain mariculture (aquaculture) and what it takes to maintain a controlled ecosystem.
    1. List five marine organisms that are being successfully farmed.
    2. Identify five problems restricting the development of mariculture programs.
    3. Explain whether or not mariculture has much potential in helping solve the world food problems.
    4. Recognize a variety of mariculture terms and techniques.
    5. Describe the importance of species selection for successful farming.
    6. Describe a minimum of two different types of systems used for environmentally controlled systems and state advantages and disadvantages of each.
    7. Explain the importance of physical facilities, reducing stress and proper nutrition.
    8. Give two examples of the usage of biologics and the usage of pharmaceuticals to control health problems.
    9. Summarize the ecological, health and economic arguments the shrimpers of the Gulf Coast have against the farmed shrimp imported from Ecuador and Southeast Asia.
    10. Elaborate on some of the problems associated with aquaculture including the escape of farmed stock into the wild.
    11. Describe a couple of examples environmentally friendly methods of aquaculture.
16. Describe medical research connections to the marine world.
    1. List six medical benefits for humans that have been derived from marine organisms.
    2. Identify one type of medical research occurring at harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute.
    3. State why the research has increased so much in regard to pharmaceuticals able to be used with aquatic animals.
17. Describe impact of development, private ownership and recreation along coastlines.
    1. State three ways recreational use of the sea affects the government ? local, state, or national.
    2. Summarize some of the sociologic, economic, and ecological impacts of private ownership and development along coastlines.
    3. State 3 ways recreational use of the sea has an impact on ecosystems.
18. Describe non-living ocean resources.
    1. Explain two possible ways ocean waters play a role in the production of electricity.
    2. Describe two ways freshwater can be extracted from the sea.
    3. List four items that are mined that have resulted from the evaporation of seawater and state two uses for each item
    4. List 3 fossil fuels that are mined from the ocean explain how they formed and where they are currently mined.
    5. State the importance of nodules found on the ocean floor.
    6. Explain the relationship of Bonaire’s salt ponds to the life cycle of West Indian flamingoes.
    7. Give supporting evidence encouraging or discouraging more exploration for new seafloor oil deposits.
    8. State that sand and gravel are the most commonly mined substances in the ocean and list several reasons it is mined.
    9. Explain what a methane hydrate is and why if it is the largest known fuel reserve it is not being used.
19. Examine pollution.
    1. List two types of marine pollutants that have simultaneous benefits and harmful effects on the organisms they contact.
    2. Explain how biological pollution differs from chemical pollution.
    3. Explain why disposal of radioactive wastes poses such a problem for society.
    4. Give two examples of how warm water can be a pollutant and describe the potential result.
    5. Recognize adaptive and destructive biological responses to pollutant stress for each level of organization - cellular, organismal, population, and community - and state the impacts these responses will have on the next level of organization.
    6. List five sources of oil pollution
    7. Explain the difficulties in determining the assimilative capacity of the ocean.
    8. Explain why oil spills that reach the intertidal zone and wash ashore are more destructive to marine life than those that stay in the open sea.
    9. Name the top three sources of debris polluting the oceans and the percentage of pollution attributed to each.
    10. List two characteristics of plastic debris that make plastic an ever-increasing problem in the oceans and describe its dangers and attempts to control it.
    11. identify two possible ways to reduce the destructive impact of sewage on the ocean bottom.
    12. State the group of animals that suffered the greatest threat from DDT and explain the manifestation of the threat.
    13. List the trophic levels that led to a North Atlantic grey seal contaminated with PCBs.
    14. Describe why fat-soluble toxins become more concentrated in tissues of animals at each higher trophic level in marine food chains.
    15. Explain how a heavy metal such as mercury has contaminated so many fish.
    16. Identify two ways in which shellfish become contaminated and explain what is meant by deporation.
    17. Identify specific actions students in Iowa can take to reduce some of the marine pollution problems.
    18. List three acts of Untied States Congress that have protected water quality and describe the major restrictions contained each.
    19. Summarize two international efforts designed to protect the marine environment.
    20. Summarize several sources of pollution from urban settings.
    21. Explain how air pollution can cause problems for the oceans.
    22. Explain why Iowa was an appropriate location for a national conference on the “dead zone” of the Gulf of Mexico.
    23. Explain how pollutants in the ocean can be harmful to humans.
20. Demonstrate laboratory skills, field techniques, and appropriate water competencies.
    1. Perform basic water safety and snorkeling skills.
    2. Have the basics to develop underwater sign language communication.
    3. Maintain a saltwater aquarium
    4. Can identify and properly treat several nutrition, sanitation, and disease problems in controlled ecosystems.
    5. Run and interpret basic water quality test pH, CO2, ammonia, nitrogen, nitrate, and specific gravity, O2.
    6. Perform systematic dissections for the purposes of comparative anatomy.
    7. Record daily scientific logs.
    8. Construct charts and graphs from measured or given data
    9. Use basic scuba and marine biology instruments to obtain necessary data and information and record and interpret it properly
    10. Interpret data from charts and graphs and make generalizations.
    11. Use observation skills for purposes of identification and determination of an organism’s possible ecological niche.
    12. Develop hypotheses from basic data and devise methods to test them.
    13. Use scientific methods for devising experiments which have controls and variables.
    14. Communicate organized information graphically, in writing or orally, utilizing appropriate vocabulary.
    15. Follow safety rules in the laboratory, at the pool and in open water.
    16. Apply scientific concepts, theories and laws to given situations.
    17. Properly utilize, maintain and care for laboratory equipment.
    18. Critically analyze both sides of a controversial issue.
    19. Substantiate their opinions with concrete evidence.
    20. Improve the ability to memorize and/pr understand biological terms.
    21. Make wet mounts and use binocular and monocular microscopes effectively.
21. Develop the following attitudinal objectives.
    1. Appreciate the importance of the ocean in the world ecosystem.
    2. Appreciate the impact the ocean has in our every day lives.
    3. Appreciate the impact of the ocean in the world economy.
    4. Appreciate and respect the diversity of the natural world.
    5. Appreciate the value of critical thinking.
    6. Appreciate that science is a way of looking at the order of the universe.
    7. Appreciate the value of scientific and technological developments and apply them to life situations.
    8. Respect the knowledge and skill required to safely enter the marine environment.
    9. Appreciate how much there is yet to learn about the marine worlds.
    10. Appreciate the environment and want to preserve it.
    11. Appreciate the variety of sciences and technologies that are required to adequately study the marine world.

BIO 243 - Topics in Biotechnology

1. Describe a safe laboratory environment
   1. List examples of good laboratory practices
   2. Explain the responsibilities of the employee and employer in maintaining a safe environment
   3. Discuss the role of regulatory agencies in setting standards and enforcing laboratory safety
2. Outline the organization of a biotechnology industry organization
   1. Explain the role of research and development
   2. Describe scale-up processes and problems associated with scale-up
   3. Discuss the importance of quality control and quality assurance
   4. Define and give an example of validation
   5. Define and give examples of Good Manufacturing processes
3. Discuss current applications in biotechnology
   1. Explain the importance and basic principles of proteomics
   2. Describe microarray technology and its applications
   3. List innovations in PCR currently in use and generally describe and analyze DNA and protein sequences through publicly available databases and software
   4. Define and discuss the importance of computational biology
   5. Describe methods available for high throughput DNA analysis

BIO 249 - Biotechnology Internship

1. Demonstrate practicum competencies with progressive independence, greater efficiency, and confidence.
2. Demonstrate actions in accordance with standards of personal and professional accountability.
3. Demonstrate effective interpersonal skills.
   1. Develop sound listening skills.
   2. Demonstrate objectivity.
   3. Develop understanding of team planning, problem solving, and how communications processes and individuals contribute to the group.
   4. Develop conflict resolution and consensus building skills.
   5. Develop initiative-taking and observation skills.
   6. Develop understanding of individual roles and responsibilities in groups.
   7. Identify team expectations and service responsibilities.
   8. Identify and explain diversity issues, i.e., values, workstyles, cultures.
4. Demonstrate ability to apply knowledge to routine hands-on tasks as well as to new situations.
5. Demonstrate ability to comprehend and process information in an appropriate manner.
   1. Recognize unexpected results (measurement or procedural).
   2. Document activities immediately.
   3. Forward information appropriately.
   4. Maintain proper laboratory notebook.
   5. Assure confidentiality of information.
   6. Demonstrate understanding and relevance of Standard
   7. Read and comprehend other written documentation. Operating Procedures.
   8. Communicate well with others.
   9. Use word processing and spread sheet programs and perform file transfers.
   10. Be open and adaptable to new technology and applications.
6. Demonstrate understanding and ability to work within organizational systems.
   1. Recognize the inter-relationships of technical operations/ processes (research, development, production) in private industry, academia and government.
   2. Recognize organizational structure (chain of command).
   3. Identify networking of people in support of organizational effort.
   4. Self monitor and report activities according to a prescribed list of responsibilities, standard operating procedures and protocol.
7. Adhere to additional guidelines and procedures as required by the cooperative sponsor.

BIO 250 - Cell & Molec Bio-Nucleic Acids

1. Comply with safety and health rules.
   1. Demonstrate appropriate safety procedures in the laboratory.
   2. Locate safety equipment in the laboratory.
   3. Adhere to procedures governing handling and disposal of biological and hazardous materials.
2. Demonstrate proper use and care of laboratory equipment.
   1. Maintain all equipment according to instructions.
   2. Describe proper procedures for using, cleaning and storing all laboratory equipment and supplies.
   3. Adhere to good laboratory practices.
   4. Document use, care and calibration of equipment when appropriate.
3. Demonstrate proficiency in basic math skills.
   1. Express numbers in scientific notation.
   2. Calculate using numbers in scientific notation.
   3. Calculate common logarithms, natural logarithms and antilogarithms.
   4. Convert measurement from English to metric and from one metric unit to another.
4. Measure mass and volume accurately.
   1. Describe proper technique for measuring mass using a top loading and an analytical balance
   2. Select the appropriate measuring device for volume measurements.
   3. Demonstrate the proper use of a variety of volume measurement tools and instruments.
5. Contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure and function.
   1. Discuss cell structure and function.
   2. Identify cell structures and organelles.
   3. Summarize the purposes of various cell structures and organelles.
   4. List steps involved in binary fission, mitosis and meiosis.
   5. Explain the differences among binary fission, mitosis and meiosis.
   6. List the steps of oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis.
   7. Contrast oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis.
   8. Discuss the fermentation process and products of fermentation.
6. Demonstrate aseptic skills.
   1. Inoculate liquid and solid culture media from stock bacterial cultures.
   2. Maintain a pure bacterial culture.
   3. Culture a plant from a variety of tissues.
   4. Prepare and dispense culture media.
   5. Safely operate an autoclave.
7. Generate a standard curve.
   1. Perform a series of dilutions from a stock with a known concentration.
   2. Measure absorbance of dilutions through the proper use of a spectrophotometer.
   3. Graph measurements accurately.
   4. Derive a linear equation from the graph.
   5. Explain the principles of Beer’s Law.
8. Summarize gene structure and function, and the genetic code.
   1. Explain DNA structure.
   2. Discuss DNA denaturation and renaturation.
   3. Provide a review of DNA replication, transcription and translation.
   4. Illustrate gene regulation using specific examples.
   5. Relate the connection between genes and genetic variations.
9. Prepare laboratory solutions and buffers.
   1. Perform calculations to prepare a variety of solution concentration types.
   2. Perform measurements of mass and volume accurately to make a solution.
   3. Calibrate a pH meter.
   4. Adjust the pH of a solution by titration.
   5. Define pH.
   6. Store solutions in a proper manner.
10. Isolate nucleic acids.
    1. Isolate DNA from different cell types.
    2. Isolate genomic DNA and plasmid DNA.
    3. Explain the steps involved in DNA isolation techniques.
    4. Isolate total RNA and/or mRNA from cells.
    5. Store DNA and RNA samples appropriately.
11. Characterize DNA and RNA.
    1. Determine molecular weight using electrophoresis.
    2. Determine concentration and purity using UV analysis.
    3. Digest DNA using restriction endonucleases
    4. Map DNA according to restriction analysis.
    5. Define DNA fingerprinting and restriction fragment length polymorphism.
    6. List a DNA base sequence from a gel made using the Sanner method.
12. Explain a basic method for gene cloning.
    1. Explain what a vector is and why it is important.
    2. Describe the ligation of target DNA with vector DNA.
    3. Transform bacteria using recombinant DNA.
    4. Screen transformed bacteria for the presence of the vector.
    5. Screen tranformants for the presence of the target DNA.
13. Summarize the polymerase chain reaction.
    1. Explain the principles of PCR.
    2. Perform PCR.
    3. Explain the benefits and problems associated with PCR.
    4. Discuss current PCR applications.
14. Discuss the benefits of genetic engineering and cloning in agriculture.
    1. Describe how plants and animals can be engineered.
    2. List how mankind benefits from plant and animal engineering.
    3. Discuss the social, legal, consumer and ethical issues surrounding genetic engineering and cloning.
15. Summarize the applications of biotechnology to human therapeutics.
    1. Discuss gene therapy.
    2. Explain genetic diagnostic techniques.
    3. Discuss laboratory techniques used in human reproduction.
    4. Discuss the social, legal and ethical issues surrounding human therapeutics.
16. Utilize public domain databases fro data mining.

BIO 251 - Cell & Molecular Bio-Proteins

1. Demonstrate an understanding of amino acid chemistry.
   1. Memorize the structure of the twenty amino acids.
   2. Categorize the amino acids according to the properties of the side chains.
   3. Generally describe amino acid synthesis in the cell.
2. Give a detailed explanation of protein structure.
   1. Draw and list the properties of the peptide bond.
   2. Draw the structure of the twenty common amino acids and recognize molecular models of each.
   3. Describe the four structural levels of proteins.
   4. Lis and describe the forces involved in protein folding and conformation.
   5. Explain the differences between a fibrous protein and a globular protein.
   6. Correlate protein folding with protein synthesis.
3. Demonstrate a general understanding of protein function within the cell.
   1. List functional roles of proteins in living systems.
   2. Explain how proteins bind and interact with other molecules.
4. Discuss methods used in the characterization and purification of proteins.
   1. Describe common methods used in protein purification including differential centrifugation, dialysis, salting out, liquid chromatography (size exclusion
   2. Discuss methods for characterizing proteins including ultracentrifugation, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing, UV absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and crystallography.
   3. Explain how proteins can be sequenced and digested.
5. Provide a detailed description of processes involved in protein synthesis.
   1. Describe the structures of mRNA, rRNA and tRNA and their roles in translation.
   2. Define degenerate and wobble as they relate to translation.
   3. Describe how proteins are targeted and modified within the cell and explain the importance of these events.
   4. Discuss how translation can be regulated by the cell.
6. Discuss the mechanism and dynamics of catalytic proteins.
   1. Draw and discuss a simple model of an enzyme catalyzed reaction.
   2. Describe how processes are accomplished through metabolic pathways.
   3. Explain how enzyme activity can be regulated by feedback inhibition.
   4. List key features of the active site.
   5. Memorize the Michaelis-Menton equation and explain how it relates to a saturation profile of an enzyme.
   6. Explain the significance of Km and Vmax values.
   7. Compare and contrast competitive, non-competitive and uncompetitive types of reversible inhibition.
   8. Use a graph to describe the effects of temperature and pH on enzyme activity.
   9. Discuss the importance of enzymes in biotechnology applications.
7. Discuss the roles of immunoproteins and how they can be used as tools in the laboratory.
   1. Explain how antibodies are made in vivo.
   2. Draw and label a generalized model of an antibody.
   3. Describe the mechanism of action of antibodies.
   4. Contrast monoclonal versus polyclonal antibodies.
   5. Discuss the importance of antibodies in biotechnology applications.
   6. Draw models demonstrating enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
8. Provide an explanation for differential proteins expression within the cell.
   1. List and discuss cellular stimuli that may alter the protein content of cells.
   2. Relate differential protein expression to cell specialization.
   3. Discuss stress responses of some cell types.
9. Purify a protein.
   1. Store and handle enzymes using appropriate methods.
   2. Assay samples for total protein content.
   3. Prepare cell extracts and sub-cellular fractions.
   4. Separate proteins using chromatographic methods such as size exclusion, ion exchange and affinity liquid chromatography.
10. Characterize enzyme activity.
    1. Calculate enzyme activity units.
    2. Detect activity using a colorimetric enzyme assay.
    3. Manipulate kinetic data using appropriate software.
    4. Describe the differences of various effectors on enzyme rate.
11. Perform a variety of immunoassays including
    1. PAGE
    2. SDS-PAGE
    3. Western blot
    4. ELISA
12. Perform two dimensional gel electrophoresis.
    1. Prepare a sample for isoelectric focusing.
    2. Separate proteins in a sample using isoelectric focusing.
    3. Prepare a sample for separation in the second dimension.
    4. Set up and run a gel for separation of proteins by molecular weight (second dimension).
    5. Analyze 2-D gel images using appropriate imaging software.

BIO 260 - Biology of Aging

1. Identify general topics in the study of the aging human.
   1. Describe methods used to study aging
   2. Discuss our changing population.
   3. Summarize common terms related to aging
   4. Review the theories of aging
2. Describe cellular changes that occur during aging
   1. Identify changes in cell membrane structure and function.
   2. Discuss changes that can occur in the cell nucleus.
   3. Describe aging of the cell organelles
3. Summarize age-related changes and dysfunction of the integumentary system.
   1. Describe changes that commonly occur in the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer of the skin
   2. Discuss age-related changes of hair, nails and glands of the skin.
   3. Describe the temperature regulation of aging skin
   4. Identify conditions and diseases affecting aging skin
4. Describe changes of the skeletal system in the aging human
   1. Discuss general skeletal changes and their impact of stature.
   2. Describe the relationship between decreased physical activity and bone loss.
   3. Summarize changes of the aging joints.
   4. Discuss osteoporosis and other age-related conditions and diseases
5. Describe age-related changes of muscle tissues
   1. Summarize age-related changes in visceral and cardiac muscle.
   2. Describe changes in aging skeletal muscle to include muscle weakness, cramping, and problems with stimulation.
   3. Review diseases associated with aging muscle
6. Discuss nervous system changes during the aging process.
   1. Describe the structural and functional changes in nerve and glial cells
   2. Summarize changes that often occur in the brain and spinal cord.
   3. Discuss changes in the meninges
   4. Describe changes that occur in pain reception
   5. Describe age-related changes in the peripheral nervous system.
   6. Describe conditions and diseases of the nervous system associated with aging.
7. Summarize age-related changes of the sensory system
   1. Describe changes and dysfunction in vision
   2. Describe age-related changes and dysfunction of hearing and equilibrium.
   3. Discuss changes of chemoreception during aging
8. Describe changes and conditions of the aging cardiovascular system.
   1. Describe the conditions of blood in an aging person
   2. Discuss blood vessel changes associated with aging
   3. Describe the structural and functional changes of the heart during aging.
   4. Summarize age-related conditions and diseases of the cardiovascular system
9. Describe age-related changes and conditions of the lymphatic system.
   1. Discuss the general decrease of the immune response during aging.
   2. Describe specific age related changes in bone marrow, spleen, thymus gland, lymph nodes, and tonsils
   3. Describe the changes in lymphocytes
   4. Discuss disorders of the lymphatic system that can occur during aging.
10. Discuss changes that occur in the aging respiratory system
    1. Describe pulmonary ventilation and lung capacities in the aging body.
    2. Describe the effect of aging on breathing
    3. Summarize age-related dysfunction of the respiratory system.
11. Describe the aging digestive system and nutrition requirements in elderly.
    1. Discuss age-related changes in the gastrointestinal tract.
    2. Describe changes in the accessory structures of digestion.
    3. Summarize age-related conditions and dysfunction of the digestive system.
    4. Describe carbohydrate, protein, and fat requirements in the diet of the elderly
    5. Discuss the vitamin, mineral, and water requirements in the diet of elderly.
12. Describe the structural and functional changes that occur in the aging urinary system.
    1. Describe the anatomical changes in the aging kidney
    2. Describe changes in glomerular filtration and vascular response.
    3. Describe changes in the thirst response
    4. Discuss age-related conditions and diseases of the urinary system.
13. Describe the changes in the aging endocrine system
    1. Describe the changes in hormone concentrations during aging.
    2. Describe age-related changes of the endocrine organs
    3. Describe endocrine disorders associated with advanced age
    4. Discuss hormone treatments and replacement in elderly
14. Describe the age-related changes of the male and female reproductive system.
    1. Describe age-related changes in men
    2. Describe age-related changes in women
    3. Summarize diseases and conditions associated with aging
15. Summarize environmental factors, the effects of diet and exercise on the aging of the body systems

BIO 295 - General Ecology and Lab

1. Understand the concept of ecology.
   1. Explain the definition and derivation of ecology
   2. Explain the modern definition of ecology
   3. Characterize an ecological system
   4. Identify the structural levels of biological organization and research specialties.
2. Describe the historical development of modern ecology
3. Explain how ecology is a science
   1. Characterize the scientific process
   2. Explain the philosophy and development of scientific thinking.
   3. Explain scientific theory
   4. Describe and use the scientific method
4. Explain the concepts of evolution and adaptation
   1. Explain how and why organisms fit into habitat and niche so precisely.
   2. Explain the concept of species
   3. Describe adaptation and illustrate with several examples
   4. Explain the theoretical development and process of biological evolution.
   5. Describe the process of speciation - creation of new species.
   6. Explain how population genetics are involved in evolution.
   7. Explain how species are classified using systematic.
5. Describe the physical environment
   1. Explain the factors that affect the earths climate
   2. Describe the earth’s regional climates
   3. Explain the factors that determine weather
   4. Describe the abiotic factors
6. Characterize organisms
   1. Describe the structural hierarchy of life
   2. Explain the differences in nutritional mode
   3. Characterize anatomy/physiology
   4. Explain the factors that affect geographic distribution of organisms
   5. Explain the concept of habitat; where you live.
   6. Explain the concept of niche
   7. Characterize behavior
7. Characterize species and populations
   1. Define the terms species, population and metapopulations.
   2. explain population characteristics
   3. Explain the concept of population genetics
   4. Describe the characteristics of life history
   5. Describe species interactions
8. Characterize communities and ecosystems
   1. Define community and ecosystem
   2. Explain measures of community structure
   3. Describe the process of succession- changes in communities over time.
   4. Describe energy flow through ecosystems
   5. Describe the processes of matter cycling
9. Explain large-scale ecology
   1. Explain the concept of landscape ecology
   2. Explain conservation ecology
   3. Describe restoration ecology
10. Complete the following lab activities
    1. Hypothesis testing and statistical analysis
    2. Scientific writing - lab reports
    3. group field project
    4. Oral presentation based on group project
    5. Identification of birds in lab and field
    6. Identification of plants in lab and field
    7. Identification of aquatic invertebrates in lab and field.
    8. Use of various field sampling equipment
    9. Use of various field sampling methods
    10. Using computer simulations to model populations

BIO 732 - Health Science Microbiology

1. Comply with safety and health rules
   1. Explain appropriate safety procedures for the microbiology laboratory.
   2. Demonstrate appropriate safety procedures for the microbiology laboratory.
   3. Identify the locations of safety equipment in the laboratory room.
2. Use laboratory microscopes
   1. Identify major parts of the microscope.
   2. Demonstrate proper technique in the use of a microscope.
   3. Demonstrate proper care of the microscope
3. Relate microbial morphology to function.
   1. Classify disease-causing microorganisms.
   2. Differentiate between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
   3. Identify structures and functions of endospores and plasmids.
4. Characterize microbial metabolism and growth.
   1. Summarize basic concepts of life chemistry.
   2. Relate cellular functions.
   3. Discuss cellular respiration
   4. Differentiate between the metabolic reactions of different bacteria.
   5. Identify nutrient needs of disease-causing bacteria.
5. Relate microbial characteristics to their disease-causing capabilities.
   1. Relate Koch’s postulates to modern concepts of disease.
   2. Describe the normal flora of the human body
   3. Discuss infection
   4. Explain terminology describing disease processes.
   5. Examine epidemiology
6. Differentiate between selected disease-causing pathogens.
7. Identify methods of sterilization and disinfection.
8. Identify anti-pathogenic chemotherapeutic agents.
9. Explain the concept of host defense mechanisms.
   1. Identify the factors that are important in disease resistance.
   2. Differentiate between cell types involved in immunity.
   3. Recognize characteristics of antibodies.
   4. Differentiate between active and passive immunity.
10. Use aseptic techniques
11. Demonstrate microbiology laboratory techniques.
    1. Demonstrate proper gram staining technique.
    2. Culture bacteria.
12. Master proper hand washing techniques.
13. Evaluate lab results

BIO 733 - Health Science Anatomy

1. Comply with safety and health rules.
   1. Explain appropriate safety procedures for the laboratory.
   2. Demonstrate appropriate safety procedures for the laboratory.
   3. Identify the locations of safety equipment in the laboratory room.
2. Demonstrate laboratory skills.
   1. Distinguish among laboratory supplies.
   2. Show competence in the use of laboratory equipment.
   3. Use the metric system.
   4. Demonstrate respect for and care of laboratory equipment.
3. Use laboratory microscopes.
   1. Identify major parts of the microscope.
   2. Demonstrate proper technique in the use of a microscope.
   3. Demonstrate proper care of the microscope.
4. Demonstrate dissection techniques on a cat model.
5. Identify anatomical topography.
   1. Demonstrate anatomical position.
   2. Identify planes used to study the body and its parts.
   3. Identify directional anatomical terminology.
   4. Identify regional anatomical terminology.
   5. Identify body cavities and membranes and linings.
6. Identify levels of structural organization of the human body.
   1. Identify the components of a cell.
   2. Identify the various types of human tissue.
   3. Name the major organ systems and list the organs associated with each.
7. Identify components of body support and movement systems.
   1. Point out the structures of the integumentary system.
   2. Identify the structures of the skeleton.
   3. Identify and compare the types of joints.
   4. Identify muscles and muscle tissue.
   5. Compare structural interactions among levels of organization in the body.
8. Identify the structures of the body control systems.
   1. Identify the structure of the nervous tissue.
   2. Identify the structures of the nervous system.
   3. Identify the structures of the central nervous system.
   4. Identify the structures of the peripheral nervous system.
   5. Identify the structures of the reflex arc.
   6. Identify the structures of the autonomic nervous system.
   7. Identify the structures of the special senses.
   8. Identify the structures of the endocrine system.
9. Identify the components of the body maintenance systems.
   1. Identify components of blood.
   2. Identify the structures of the heart.
   3. Identify blood vessels and their structure.
   4. Identify the structures of the lymphatic system.
   5. Identify the structures of the respiratory system.
   6. Identify the structures of the urinary system.
   7. Identify the structures of the digestive system.
10. Identify the structures involved in the continuity of human life.
    1. Identify the structures of the female reproductive system.
    2. Identify the structures of the male reproductive system.

BIO 734 - Health Science Physiology

1. Comply with safety and health rules.
   1. Explain appropriate safety procedures for the laboratory.
   2. Demonstrate appropriate safety procedures for the laboratory.
   3. Identify the locations of safety equipment in the laboratory room.
2. Demonstrate laboratory skills.
   1. Distinguish among laboratory supplies.
   2. Show competence in the use of laboratory equipment.
   3. Use the metric system.
   4. Demonstrate respect and care of laboratory equipment and specimens.
3. Review levels of organization in the human body.
   1. Explain the structural organization of the human body.
   2. Define homeostasis
   3. Explore homeostatic imbalances throughout all systems.
   4. Distinguish between the feedback mechanisms.
   5. Explain the function of the primary tissues.
4. Relate the function of body support and movement systems.
   1. Point out the functions of the integumentary system.
   2. Outline the functions of the skeleton.
   3. Analyze the functions of the joints.
   4. Investigate the functions of muscles and muscle tissue.
   5. Explain the functions of the muscular system.
5. Relate cellular function.
   1. Describe membrane transport mechanisms.
   2. Review organelles and their functions.
   3. Discuss mitosis and meiosis.
   4. Describe the steps in protein production.
   5. Relate cellular metabolism to energy production.
6. Relate the functions of the body control systems.
   1. Explain the fundamentals of the nervous system.
   2. Explain concepts of neurophysiology.
   3. Analyze the functions of nervous tissue.
   4. Relate the functions of the central nervous system.
   5. Outline the functions of the peripheral nervous system.
   6. List the similarities between reflex activities.
   7. Discuss the functions of the autonomic nervous system.
   8. Summarize neural integration.
   9. Analyze the function of the special senses.
   10. Examine the functions of the endocrine system.
7. Relate the function of body maintenance systems.
   1. Summarize the functions of blood.
   2. Outline the function of the heart.
   3. Explain the events of the cardiac cycle and electrical conduction.
   4. Explain transport of gases throughout the body.
   5. Explain factors affecting blood flow and pressure resistance.
   6. Discuss the functions of the blood vessels.
   7. Explain the functions of the lymphatic system.
   8. Describe the functions of the respiratory system
   9. Discuss the functions of the excretory system.
   10. Summarize the functions of the digestive systems.
8. Identify the principles governing continuity of human life.
   1. Discuss the functions of the female reproductive system.
   2. Discuss the functions of the male reproductive system.
   3. Discuss basic genetic concepts dealing with human life.

BIO 900 - Field Studies in Medical Sciences

1. Evaluate community and population health.
   1. Analyze and understand health in terms of lifespan including obstetrics, pediatrics, family practice and geriatrics.
   2. Investigate factors influencing disease prevention.
   3. Diagram the role of nutrition and exercise in achieving and maintaining good health.
   4. Compare and describe factors impacting rural health.
   5. Interpret and explain the Affordable Healthcare Act (AHA).
   6. Analyze the health insurance industry and explain how the business model works.
2. Analyze scientific reading literacy by exploring relevant literature of the field
   1. Review relevant scientific information.
   2. Discuss using medical terminology, a double-blind placebo controlled study as related to medicine.
   3. Distinguish peer-reviewed scientific literature from other published medical information or studies.
   4. Interpret credibility of professional health science literature.
3. Evaluate effective professional skills and leadership within the context of a professional environment
   1. Identify and demonstrate traits of successful health professionals.
   2. Apply the concept of professionalism as it relates specifically to health sciences and medicine.
   3. Define and express the characteristics of servant leadership.
   4. Practice confidentiality and discretion.
   5. Develop trusting relationships with patients, colleagues, mentors and other professionals.
4. Compare and contrast various health careers.
   1. Participate and reflect on at least three different clinical rotations.
   2. Differentiate each health care setting in clinical rotations.
   3. Record all observations, information and results of activities while adhering to all HIPAA laws.
   4. Compare and contrast different health care fields in terms of cost of education, time in school, work-life balance.
   5. Compare the educational requirements and summarize necessary certification, registration and licensure requirements.
5. Analyze critical thinking and problem-solving in a professional setting.
   1. Present thoughtful questioning that challenge assumptions, promote higher order thinking, lead to new insights, and validate perceptions.
   2. Engage in metacognition that supports reflective practice.
   3. Support processes that analyze, select, use, and evaluate various approaches to develop solutions.
   4. Engage in analysis and synthesis of multiple sources and points of information.
   5. Demonstrate intentional use of disciplinary frameworks to analyze complex issues and information.
   6. Suspend judgment while collecting evidence to make determinations.
6. Evaluate inter-professional education (IPE).
   1. Describe job roles and responsibilities across health professions.
   2. Explain inter-dependence of various professionals within a team.
   3. Demonstrate team-building skills necessary for successful outcomes.
   4. Participate in medical job shadowing.
   5. Evaluate and summarize different medical salary compensation systems, including patient satisfaction based programs.
7. Demonstrate a sound understanding of technology concepts, systems, and operations within the industry.
   1. Use digital media and environments to communicate and work collaboratively, including at a distance, to support individual learning and contribute to the learning of others.
   2. Locate, organize, analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information from a variety of sources and media and use the information in a legal and ethical manner.
   3. Describe and defend human, cultural, and societal issues related to technology and its relation to the practice of legal and ethical behavior from the lens of various stakeholders.
8. Explore health issues from the perspective of a variety of stakeholders.
   1. Understand and demonstrate the impact of health from various lenses.
   2. Practice bioethics.
   3. Investigate the role of human empathy in various health care settings.
   4. Demonstrate understanding of relevant bioethical and legal principles.
9. Analyze complex communication within the context of the professional environment such as:
   1. Negotiate processes that generate mutually satisfactory solutions
   2. Resolve conflicts
   3. Interact effectively with people of different cultures
   4. Select various communication processes
   5. Integrate appropriate forms of information communication technology
   6. Describe the interactions among modes of communication
   7. Evidence meaningful and engaging interactions
10. Compare and contrast various medical record systems.
    1. Describe and summarize medical record keeping in various health care settings.
    2. Investigate Iowa laws and regulations protecting health records.
    3. Model an understanding of HIPPA and its implications.
    4. Explore patient rights, liability issues, fraud and abuse.
11. Conduct a line of scientific inquiry in a medical field setting.
    1. Identify and propose a scientific project to explore.
    2. Follow written and oral instructions given by instructor or medical personnel.
    3. Adapt and be flexible within the learning environment.
    4. Participate in all required activities.
    5. Cooperate and collaborate with others involved in the project.
    6. Communicate effectively with others involved in the project.
    7. Present a final communication of project learnings.
12. Investigate a scientific issue, concept or hypothesis related to biology and medicine.
    1. Describe pertinent observations.
    2. Ask appropriate questions from various points of view.
    3. Complete activities according to the investigative timeline.
    4. Record all observations, questions, information and results of activities while adhering to all HIPPA laws.
    5. Summarize all observations, questions, information and results of the investigation.

BIO 922 - Field Studies

1. Identify a scientific issue, concept or hypothesis related to the biological sciences.
   1. Identify key components of the issue, concept of hypothesis.
   2. Explain the importance of the issue, concept or hypothesis.
   3. Relate basic scientific principles to the issue, concept or hypothesis.
2. Relate scientific literature to a scientific issue, concept or hypothesis in biology.
   1. Review relevant scientific information.
   2. Select appropriate literature.
   3. Distinguish scientific literature from popular, non-science based literature.
3. Design a strategy for scientific investigation.
   1. Select appropriate investigative activities.
   2. Describe how each activity will be completed.
   3. Explain how each activity will aid in the investigation.
   4. Modify the strategy as necessary.
   5. Organize activities into an appropriate timeline for completion in the allotted timeframe.
4. Investigate a scientific issue, concept or hypothesis related to biology.
   1. Describe pertinent observations.
   2. Ask appropriate questions.
   3. Complete activities according to the investigative timeline.
   4. Record all observations, information and results of activities.
   5. Summarize all observations, information and results of the investigation.
5. Analyze information collected through scientific investigation.
   1. Identify observed trends.
   2. Distinguish objective information from subjective information.
   3. Perform all relevant calculations.
   4. Design any tables, graphs and charts required for appropriate representation of the investigation.
   5. Interpret results as they relate to the investigation.
6. Summarize the results of an investigative process.
   1. Identify significant discoveries or observations.
   2. Relate discoveries and observations to relevant scientific area of science.
7. Complete a line of scientific inquiry in a field setting.
   1. Follow written and oral instructions.
   2. Conform to the learning environment.
   3. Participate in all required activities.
   4. Cooperate with others involved in the project.
   5. Communicate effectively with others involved in the project.
8. Explain the significance of a scientific investigation.
   1. Relate information to a current scientific issue.
   2. Point out future work to be done related to the investigation or study.
9. Demonstrate progressive independence, efficiency and confidence in the field setting.
10. Demonstrate the ability to comprehend and process information in an appropriate manner.
    1. Recognize unexpected results.
    2. Document activities.
    3. Share information appropriately.
11. Adhere to additional guidelines and procedures as required.

BPT 102 - Intro to Biomass Process Tech

1. Know basic biofuels process technology processes.
   1. Identify the roles and responsibilities of a process technician
   2. Describe the chemical processing industry and future trends
   3. Explain the responsibilities of various regulatory agencies
   4. Describe the process technician?s work environment
   5. List the basic principles of quality control
   6. Identify the different type of process equipment
   7. Explain the principles of instrumentation and modern process control.
2. Comprehend basic safety, health, and environment issues
   1. Discuss OSHA regulations.
   2. Describe the physical hazards associated with chemical
   3. Discuss responsibility during emergency situation
   4. Discuss the different types of plant permit required
3. Understand basic applied physics as it is used in biofuels processing systems.
   1. Calculate basic principles of pressures
   2. Discuss and calculate heat, heat transfer, and temperature.
   3. Discuss and calculate fluid flow.
   4. Demonstrate the use of common calculation relating to biofuels process.
4. Comprehend basic equipment used in chemical processing systems.
   1. Describe the various types of storage and piping used in the chemical processing industry.
   2. Explain the operation and types of positive displacement pumps.
   3. Identify the key components of a compressor system.
   4. Describe the purpose of seals, bearing and lubrication.
   5. Describe how a steam turbine works.
   6. Sketch a simple lubrication system.
5. Comprehend advanced equipment used in biofuels chemical processing systems.
   1. Explain the difference types of heat exchanger and there uses.
   2. Explain the theory and operation of cooling towers
   3. Discuss advanced boiler operation
   4. Discuss the different types of burners and burner control system.
6. Understand biofuels process instrumentation symbols and equipment.
   1. Recognize symbols and diagrams.
   2. Discuss process diagrams.
   3. Explain interlocking and permissive systems.
   4. Discuss P & ID components.
   5. Examine basic equipment of a control loop.
   6. Examine primary elements and sensors
   7. Discuss and examine transmitters and control loops.
   8. Discuss controllers and control modes.
   9. Discuss final control elements and control loops.
7. Discuss biofuels technology systems.
   1. Explain reactors and reactor systems.
   2. Explain distillation and distillation systems.
   3. Explain pressures relief equipment and flare systems.
   4. Explain water treatment systems.
   5. Explain how a refrigeration system works.
   6. Identify the basic equipment used in refrigeration systems.
   7. Describe how a water treatment system works.
   8. Identify the basic equipment used in water treatment system.
   9. Describe the various system found in the utility sections of a process plant.
8. Understand basic biofuels industrial processes.
   1. Define terms related to common biofuels processes.
   2. Explain and contrast petrochemical processes.
   3. Describe benzene, BTX aromatics, and ethylbenzene processes.
   4. Describe the alkylation, fluid catalytic cracking and catalytic reforming processes.
   5. Describe hydrodesulfurization, hydrocracking, and fluid coking and crude distillation processes.
9. Explain applied general biofuels chemistry practices.
   1. Discuss the fundamental of biofuels chemistry practices.
   2. Apply chemical equation using the period table.
   3. Observe and recall demonstrated chemical reaction relating to biofuels processing.
   4. Discuss applied concepts in chemical processes.
10. Understand environmental standards requirements for biofuels industry.
    1. Explain air pollution controls for biofuels processes.
    2. Explain water pollution controls in biofuels facilities
    3. Explain solid water controls systems in biofuels facilities.
    4. Discuss community right to know.
11. Explain implementation of quality control measures in biofuels processes.
    1. Summarize principles of continuous quality improvement.
    2. Discuss supplier-customer relationship.
    3. Explain the need for statistical process control in biofuels facilities.
    4. Explain the different forms of collection data.
12. Understand basic biofuels process troubleshooting methods.
    1. Exam troubleshooting models.
    2. Explain basic equipment troubleshooting.
    3. Explain biofuels reactor models.
    4. Explain ethanol distillation models.

BPT 111 - Biomass Equipment and Systems

1. Understand biomass process systems components.
   1. Describe the basic hand tools used with biomass process equipment.
   2. Identify various types pumps used in biomass processing.
   3. Explain the operation of various types of pumps.
   4. List the various types of stationary equipment.
   5. Identify the various types of storage and piping equipment used in the biofuels processing industry.
   6. Explain the purpose of heat exchanger.
   7. Identify the primary function of a cooling tower.
   8. Identify the primary function of a boiler in biofuels processes.
   9. Explain the purpose of a distillation column.
2. Understand common process control values.
   1. Explain the purpose of valves in the biofuels control system.
   2. Identify the basic components of gate valves.
   3. Identify the basic components of a globe valve.
   4. Explain the operation and design of a ball valve.
   5. Describe the design and operation of a diagram valve.
   6. Describe the design and operation of a relief valve and safety valve.
3. Understand piping and vessels use in process systems.
   1. Describe the different types of process piping.
   2. Describe the various vessels found in a process plant.
   3. Describe the effects of corrosion.
   4. Identify the information found on a vessel sketch.
   5. Describe a vessel specification sheet.
4. Understand pumps use in biofuels process.
   1. Describe the scientific principles associated with centrifugal pump operation and identify key components.
   2. Describe the operation and maintenance of positive displacement pumps.
   3. List the various types of rotary pumps.
   4. Explain how rotary gear pumps operate
   5. Describe the operation and maintenance of screw pumps.
   6. Describe the operation and maintenance of sliding and vane pumps.
   7. Describe the operation and maintenance of lobe pumps.
   8. Describe the basic components of a lobe pump.
   9. List the operation of diaphragm pumps.
   10. Describe the operation and maintenance of piston pump.
   11. Describe the scientific principles associated with the operation of plunger pumps.
   12. Recall start up and shut down procedures for positive displacement pumps.
   13. Troubleshooting typical problems associated with the operation of centrifugal and reciprocating pumps.
5. Understand air compressors
   1. Explain the principles of compression.
   2. Describe how centrifugal compressors operate.
   3. Describe how axial flow compressors operate.
   4. Identify and describe centrifugal and positive displacement compressors.
   5. Identify the basic components of a rotary screw compressor.
   6. Describe the operation and basic components of sliding vane compressors.
   7. Identify the basic components of a compressor system.
   8. Recall how to start up and shut down a positive displacement compressor.
   9. Recall how to start up and shut down a dynamic compressor.
6. Understand turbines and electric motors used in biofuels process equipment.
   1. Identify the different kinds of turbines.
   2. Describe the operating principles and components of a steam turbine.
   3. Describe the types of steam turbines.
   4. List the start up procedures for a steam turbine.
   5. Describe how a gas turbine operates.
   6. Identify the basic components of an electric motor.
   7. Describe how an electric motor operates.
7. Understand how heat exchangers work.
   1. Describe the basic principles of fluid blow inside a heat exchanger.
   2. Explain the method of heat transfer that applies to heat exchangers.
   3. Compare the operation of finned and plain tubes.
   4. Describe the operation of finned and plain tubes.
   5. Draw a simple heat exchanger system.
   6. Describe the basic components and operation of a plate and frame heat exchanger.
8. Understand how cooling towers work.
   1. Describe the basic principles of fluid blow inside a heat exchanger.
   2. Explain how an atmospheric cooling tower operates.
   3. Explain how a natural-draft cooling tower operates.
   4. Explain how a forced-draft cooling tower operates.
   5. Explain crossflow and counterflow in a cooling tower.
   6. Describe water-cooling systems.
   7. Describe the characteristics of water that cause problems with water-cooling system.
9. Understand the fire control components of boiler.
   1. Describe the basics of boiler operation.
   2. Describe a fire tube boiler.
   3. Describe the main components of a water tube boiler and explain how it operates.
   4. List some boiler operating problems.
   5. Distinguish between superheat and desuperheated steam.
   6. Describe the primary responsibilities of a boiler technician.
10. Discuss the different types furnaces systems.
    1. Describe the various types of direct fired heaters.
    2. Explain the operation of an indirect fired heater.
    3. Demonstrate the application of heat transfer to fired heater operation in lab.
    4. Describe the basic components of a furnace.
    5. Describe the different types of furnaces.
    6. Describe common solutions to furnace problems.
11. Know and explain the different types of instruments used in process control system.
    1. Describe the basic instruments used in the process industry.
    2. Identify and draw standard instrument symbols.
    3. Describe temperature, pressure, flow and level-measurement techniques.
    4. Identify the elements of a control loop.
    5. Describe cascade control.
    6. Compare automatic and manual control.
    7. Explain the importance of operating percentage on a control valve.
12. Identify the different components of process diagrams.
    1. Review process diagrams symbols.
    2. Describe the use of process diagrams and the information they contain.
    3. Draw a process flow diagram.
    4. Draw a process and instrument drawing.
    5. Describe the various process equipment relationships.
13. Identify the different types utility systems.
    1. Describe the basic components of a steam system.
    2. Describe raw water and fire water.
    3. Describe boiler feed water treatment.
    4. Describe the basic components of a cooling water system
    5. Describe the basic components of an air system.
    6. Describe the basic components of a nitrogen system.
    7. Describe the basic components of a gas system.
    8. Describe the basic components of an electrical system.
    9. Describe the basic components of steam systems and traps.
    10. Describe the basic components of an industrial sewer system.
    11. Describe the key elements of a process refrigeration system.
    12. Describe a relief and flare system.
14. Explain the operation of reactor systems.
    1. Describe the function of a reactor.
    2. Describe exothermic, endothermic, replacement, neutralization, and combustion chemical reactions.
    3. List reaction variables and their effects.
    4. Describe a continuous and a batch reactor.
    5. Describe a fixed bed reactor?s function in hydrocracking.
    6. Describe a fluidized bed reactor in coal gasification.
    7. Describe fluid coking.
15. Explain distillation systems.
    1. Describe the principles of distillation.
    2. Describe the relationship between the boiling point of a hydrocarbon and pressure, temperature, flow and level.
    3. Understand the various concepts associated with pressure in a distillation system:
    4. Identify the different equipment systems used to make up a distillation system.
    5. Explain how the methods of heat transfer apply to the distillation process.
    6. Explain the basic components of the following distillation systems.
    7. Describe the basic components of a distillation feed system.
    8. Describe the basic components of the bottom section of a distillation column.
    9. Describe the basic of the top of a distillation column.
    10. Describe the basic principles associated with column design.
    11. Explain the basic components and operation of a sidesteam-stripping column.
16. Explain the principle of chemical extraction and other separation systems.
    1. Describe the scientific principles associated with adsorption.
    2. Describe the extraction process.
    3. Describe the stripping process.
    4. Identify the basic equipment associated with extraction.
    5. Explain how a scrubber works.
    6. Identify the basic equipment associated with the absorption process.
    7. Describe the solvent dewaxing process.

BPT 112 - Biomass Tech Health/Safety

1. Understand OSHA hazard classification.
   1. Describe the hazard classification system.
   2. Apply the methods of hazards recognition and classification.
   3. Describe common industrial hazards found in the plant.
   4. Describe the physical hazards associated with chemicals.
   5. Compare acute and chronic hazards.
   6. Explain the principles of accident prevention.
2. Understand chemical routes of entry into the body and environmental effects of hazardous chemical.
   1. Explain how hazardous chemical enter the human body.
   2. Describe key elements of environmental awareness training.
   3. Describe solid waste control.
   4. Explain the importance of water pollution control.
   5. Explain the importance of air pollution control.
   6. Explain the importance of the toxic substance control act.
   7. Describe the role and responsibilities of the environmental protection agency.
3. Explain the property of gases, vapors, particulates and toxic materials.
   1. Describe the physical and health hazards associated with gases and vapors.
   2. Describe the physical and health hazards associated with particulates.
   3. Describe the physical and health hazards associated with toxic metals.
   4. List the flammable gases that will mix easily with air.
   5. Describe the hazards associated with dust explosion.
   6. List special precautions used when working with particulates, dust and gases.
4. Understand the hazards of toxic liquids.
   1. Explain the physical and health hazards associated with liquids.
   2. Explain the physical and health hazards associated with solvents.
   3. compare and contrast acids and caustics.
   4. Explain the PPE used in handling acids and caustics.
5. Understand hazardous chemical identification to include hazcom, toxicology, DOT and federal railroad administration guidelines.
   1. Describe the hazard communication standard.
   2. Identify the physical properties and hazards associated
   3. Describe the key elements of a material safety data sheet.
   4. Explain the purpose of a written hazard communication program.
   5. Identify methods used to protect process technicians from hazardous chemicals.
   6. Identify safety signs, tags and warning labels utilized by process technicians.
   7. Describe the material classification system for the DOT.
   8. Describe the hazardous material identification system.
   9. Describe the national fire prevention association labeling system.
   10. Describe federal railroad administration standard of inspection.
6. Discuss the principles of fire and explosion prevention and response.
   1. Describe the principles of fire prevention, protection, and control.
   2. Review the chemistry of fire.
   3. Describe the fire classification system.
   4. Evaluate the different types of fire extinguishers.
   5. Identify the various types of firefighting equipment.
   6. Response to a fire emergency.
   7. Describe flammable and explosive materials.
7. Explain electrical, noise, heat, radiation, ergonomic, and biological hazards.
   1. Describe the hazards associated with electricity.
   2. List the hazards associated with the operation and maintenance of electrical equipment.
   3. Describe the hazards of bonding and grounding.
   4. Describe the hazards of working with noise, heat and radiation
   5. Analyze the hazards connected with confined space entry
   6. Describe the selection, use, fit and care of hearing protection
8. Identify and understand operating hazards and proper procedures associated with chemical processing
   1. Describe the operating hazards found in the chemical industry.
   2. Describe the different types of permit systems found in the chemical processing industry
   3. Describe hot work permits
   4. Describe energy isolation and lockout/tagout
   5. Analyze the confined space entry procedure
   6. Demonstrate how to complete a permit to enter.
   7. Explain an energy isolcation permit
   8. Describe fall protection systems.
   9. Identify safe work practices used with fall protection.
   10. Describe emergency response.
   11. Describe the HAZWOPER first responder, awareness level
9. Understand the need and use of personal protective equipment
   1. Identify personal protective equipment found in a plant
   2. Describe how and when to use PPE
   3. Discuss the methods of hazard exposure prevention
   4. Contrast emergency response and personal protective quipment
   5. Explain the general limitation of PPE
   6. Explain the purpose of a respiratory protection
   7. Describe the different types of respiratory equipment and areas of use.
   8. Review the procedures for donning and doffing of air purifying respirators
10. Understand the operation of safety engineering controls
    1. Describe the key elements of risk evaluation
    2. Describe different types of alarms and indicators used in the CPI.
    3. Describe interlocks and automatic shutdown systems
    4. Illustrate and explain how a flare system works
    5. Explain the principle of process containment
    6. Identify basic pressure relief devices